DRUGS FOR Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Neurodegenerative and prominent protein-conformational disease caused by the aberrant processing and polymerization of normally soluble proteins.
When misfolded, soluble neuronal proteins attain altered conformations, due to genetic mutation, external factors, or aging, and aggregate, leading to
abnormal neuronal functions and loss.
\ Amyloid plaques → accumulate neurons → destruction of neurons
! If there’s accumulation = there’s problem in the transmission
! Nasisira yung eurons and connections → affects cognitive
\ TAL proteins → associates with microtubules (seen in neurons) → supports in communication of axon and dendrites
! Alzheimer’s → TAL proteins looks for another TAL to form threads (tangles) → result to problem in transport system of neurons
• Dementia of Alzheimer’s type has three distinguishing features:
1. Accumulation of senile plaques
2. Formation of numerous neurofibrillary tangles
3. Loss of cortical neurons particularly cholinergic neurons
• Current therapies aim at
1. Improve cholinergic transmission within the CNS or
2. Prevent excitatory actions resulting from overstimulation of NMDA-glutamate receptors in selected areas of the brain.
Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease
Medication Specific Information General (MOA, Side Effects, Interaction) Indications, Side Effect Management &
More
1. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Drugs MOA NOTE
Galantamine → may augment the action of Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase within the CNS acetylcholinesterase → metabolizes
acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the CNS; will improve cholinergic transmission at least for acetylcholine
provide modest reduction in the rate of loss of the function neurons → delay progression of
cognitive functioning in Alzheimer’s patients. Alzheimer’s. Why prevent metabolism of acetylcholine?
= ↑ cholinergic transmission
Rivastigmine → only approved for the Side Effects
management of dementia associated with • Nausea
Parkinson’s disease; transdermal formulation. • Diarrhea
• Vomiting
Specific information • Anorexia
Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine → • Tremors
selective for acetylcholinesterase in the CNS as • Bradycardia
compared to the periphery • Muscle cramps
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Neurodegenerative and prominent protein-conformational disease caused by the aberrant processing and polymerization of normally soluble proteins.
When misfolded, soluble neuronal proteins attain altered conformations, due to genetic mutation, external factors, or aging, and aggregate, leading to
abnormal neuronal functions and loss.
\ Amyloid plaques → accumulate neurons → destruction of neurons
! If there’s accumulation = there’s problem in the transmission
! Nasisira yung eurons and connections → affects cognitive
\ TAL proteins → associates with microtubules (seen in neurons) → supports in communication of axon and dendrites
! Alzheimer’s → TAL proteins looks for another TAL to form threads (tangles) → result to problem in transport system of neurons
• Dementia of Alzheimer’s type has three distinguishing features:
1. Accumulation of senile plaques
2. Formation of numerous neurofibrillary tangles
3. Loss of cortical neurons particularly cholinergic neurons
• Current therapies aim at
1. Improve cholinergic transmission within the CNS or
2. Prevent excitatory actions resulting from overstimulation of NMDA-glutamate receptors in selected areas of the brain.
Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease
Medication Specific Information General (MOA, Side Effects, Interaction) Indications, Side Effect Management &
More
1. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Drugs MOA NOTE
Galantamine → may augment the action of Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase within the CNS acetylcholinesterase → metabolizes
acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the CNS; will improve cholinergic transmission at least for acetylcholine
provide modest reduction in the rate of loss of the function neurons → delay progression of
cognitive functioning in Alzheimer’s patients. Alzheimer’s. Why prevent metabolism of acetylcholine?
= ↑ cholinergic transmission
Rivastigmine → only approved for the Side Effects
management of dementia associated with • Nausea
Parkinson’s disease; transdermal formulation. • Diarrhea
• Vomiting
Specific information • Anorexia
Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine → • Tremors
selective for acetylcholinesterase in the CNS as • Bradycardia
compared to the periphery • Muscle cramps
