Exam 1 - Review sheet Kin 372
1. 1. What is open-loop control? What is closed-loop control? Give mechanical examples. Does human movement
strictly utilize one or the other? Identify movement examples where one type of control is emphasized more than
the other. What factors shift the balance in one direction or the other? What key term or concept is associated
with closed loop control? What key term or concept is associated with open loop control?: Open loop: automatic,
fast, ballistic
Closed loop: feedback driven, slow
Human actions are a combination but can be indentified as more like 1
Open: throw, kick, sign your name, walk Closed: thread needle,
hiking
shifts: more closed have more variability and more complex
2. 2. How does motor control differ from motor performance? What is motor equivalence? What are some
examples? What is motor learning? Motor devel- opment? What does aging refer to?: Motor control: postures and
movements and there underlying mechanisms inferred
Motor performance: overt behavior that is observed Motor equivalence: same goal
diffently
Motor learning: imrpove with practice (infered) Motor dev:
changing due to maturation ageing: change due to detorriation
3. 3. What is the good news regarding human movement? And the resulting dilemma?: Versatility
how to control degrees of freedom
4. 4. Be able to classify an action and defend: 1) discrete, serial, continuous tasks; and 2) closed vs. open skill.
What regulatory conditions are involved in making an action more closed or more open? How does intertrial
variability relate to open and closed skills? (Use the Gentile chart.): Discrete: 1 movement serial: many discrete
countinous: no clear beginning and end
D: catch a ball, pick up a glass, shooting a free throw, lift weight, spike a volleyball
S: dribbling while being gaurded playing scale
gymnastic rountinue
, Exam 1 - Review sheet Kin 372
triple jump typing
water scenario
sterring uneven obstavles
C: sterring even obstavles
walk, run, swim, dribbling not gaurded, juggling
Closed: stable enviorment OPen: variable
enviorment
surface, objects, people moving in inviorment
Regulatory conditions: factors that shape enviorment and affect the action
Intertrial variability: how much enviorment affects perf. trial to trial more closed: no IV
5. 5. 1. How do open loop control and closed loop control differ from open skill and closed skill? Be able to think
this through so you classify the skill and determine how it is primarily controlled.: Loop: feedback or no feedback
skill: variability of enviorment
more open skills are more closed loop
6. 6. When observing an action, the Action Observation Framework begins with posture and with coordination,
and from the feet up. Why is this process helpful?: Coordination is the most important thing for learners to gain when
trying to do a new motor skill, observing this can help set a base for learners
7. 7. What were the primary observable differences between the young adult (YA) carrying the half-full and full
glass of water? [What were the primary observable differences between the child carrying the glass of water and
the young adult?] Identify IMPORTANT measures to capture these differences.: - child turned more, was more
nervous, coordination of steps was inconsistent, child help the glass higher
-measures
Production: kinematic: velocity of each mover, elbow joint angle,
Outcome: time a to b, stride length, number steps, amount spilled
8. 8. Give examples of outcome measures for both time and space. Be able to use these measurements to assess
motor performance. What are examples of
1. 1. What is open-loop control? What is closed-loop control? Give mechanical examples. Does human movement
strictly utilize one or the other? Identify movement examples where one type of control is emphasized more than
the other. What factors shift the balance in one direction or the other? What key term or concept is associated
with closed loop control? What key term or concept is associated with open loop control?: Open loop: automatic,
fast, ballistic
Closed loop: feedback driven, slow
Human actions are a combination but can be indentified as more like 1
Open: throw, kick, sign your name, walk Closed: thread needle,
hiking
shifts: more closed have more variability and more complex
2. 2. How does motor control differ from motor performance? What is motor equivalence? What are some
examples? What is motor learning? Motor devel- opment? What does aging refer to?: Motor control: postures and
movements and there underlying mechanisms inferred
Motor performance: overt behavior that is observed Motor equivalence: same goal
diffently
Motor learning: imrpove with practice (infered) Motor dev:
changing due to maturation ageing: change due to detorriation
3. 3. What is the good news regarding human movement? And the resulting dilemma?: Versatility
how to control degrees of freedom
4. 4. Be able to classify an action and defend: 1) discrete, serial, continuous tasks; and 2) closed vs. open skill.
What regulatory conditions are involved in making an action more closed or more open? How does intertrial
variability relate to open and closed skills? (Use the Gentile chart.): Discrete: 1 movement serial: many discrete
countinous: no clear beginning and end
D: catch a ball, pick up a glass, shooting a free throw, lift weight, spike a volleyball
S: dribbling while being gaurded playing scale
gymnastic rountinue
, Exam 1 - Review sheet Kin 372
triple jump typing
water scenario
sterring uneven obstavles
C: sterring even obstavles
walk, run, swim, dribbling not gaurded, juggling
Closed: stable enviorment OPen: variable
enviorment
surface, objects, people moving in inviorment
Regulatory conditions: factors that shape enviorment and affect the action
Intertrial variability: how much enviorment affects perf. trial to trial more closed: no IV
5. 5. 1. How do open loop control and closed loop control differ from open skill and closed skill? Be able to think
this through so you classify the skill and determine how it is primarily controlled.: Loop: feedback or no feedback
skill: variability of enviorment
more open skills are more closed loop
6. 6. When observing an action, the Action Observation Framework begins with posture and with coordination,
and from the feet up. Why is this process helpful?: Coordination is the most important thing for learners to gain when
trying to do a new motor skill, observing this can help set a base for learners
7. 7. What were the primary observable differences between the young adult (YA) carrying the half-full and full
glass of water? [What were the primary observable differences between the child carrying the glass of water and
the young adult?] Identify IMPORTANT measures to capture these differences.: - child turned more, was more
nervous, coordination of steps was inconsistent, child help the glass higher
-measures
Production: kinematic: velocity of each mover, elbow joint angle,
Outcome: time a to b, stride length, number steps, amount spilled
8. 8. Give examples of outcome measures for both time and space. Be able to use these measurements to assess
motor performance. What are examples of
