BIOS 286 Final Exam
1.What are the main parts of the central nervous system?: Brain and spinal
cord
2.What is the function of the spinal cord?: - Send motor commands
from the brain to the body
- Send sensory information from the body to the brain
- Coordinate reflexes
3.What are some functions of the vertebral column that are not to be
confused with those of the spinal cord?: - Support weight of the head etc
- Protect the spinal cord
- Serve as an axis and pivot
- Aid in posture and movement
4.What is gray matter?: type of tissue within the brain and spinal cord
(CNS); plays crucial role in allowing you to function normally day to day;
enables individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions
5.What cells produce myelin in the CNS?: Oligodendrocytes
6.What parts of the neuron do glial myelin-containing processes
insu- late/wrap around?: the axon
7.Do glial cells fire action potentials just like neurons do?: They do not
fire action potentials
8.What are various ways for ions to move across the lipid bilayer?: Ions
diffuse DOWN a concentration gradient (Larger conc. -> lower conc.) /
anode -> cathode
- ion channels
- transporters
- gap junctions
- glial cells
- blood-brain barrier
9.Electrical current (I): movement of charge (amps)
10.Electrical potential: force exerted on a charged particle
11.Voltage (volts): difference in electric potential between two points
12.Conductance: how easy it is for the charge to travel
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, BIOS 286 Final Exam
13.Resistance: difficulty for charge to travel
14.(1) Resting potential: resting state; membrane potential = 70mV;
maintained by concentration gradients of sodium, potassium, and
chloride ions across the membrane
15.(2) Depolarization: stimulus reaches a certain threshold level (~ -
55mV), volt- age-gated sodium channels open and Na+ ions flow into
neuron, membrane poten- tial becomes more positive
16.(3) Rising phase: more Na+ ions enter and membrane potential
rapidly depo- larizes, reaching a peak around +30mV; voltage-gated
sodium channels open + voltage-gated potassium channels remain
closed
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1.What are the main parts of the central nervous system?: Brain and spinal
cord
2.What is the function of the spinal cord?: - Send motor commands
from the brain to the body
- Send sensory information from the body to the brain
- Coordinate reflexes
3.What are some functions of the vertebral column that are not to be
confused with those of the spinal cord?: - Support weight of the head etc
- Protect the spinal cord
- Serve as an axis and pivot
- Aid in posture and movement
4.What is gray matter?: type of tissue within the brain and spinal cord
(CNS); plays crucial role in allowing you to function normally day to day;
enables individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions
5.What cells produce myelin in the CNS?: Oligodendrocytes
6.What parts of the neuron do glial myelin-containing processes
insu- late/wrap around?: the axon
7.Do glial cells fire action potentials just like neurons do?: They do not
fire action potentials
8.What are various ways for ions to move across the lipid bilayer?: Ions
diffuse DOWN a concentration gradient (Larger conc. -> lower conc.) /
anode -> cathode
- ion channels
- transporters
- gap junctions
- glial cells
- blood-brain barrier
9.Electrical current (I): movement of charge (amps)
10.Electrical potential: force exerted on a charged particle
11.Voltage (volts): difference in electric potential between two points
12.Conductance: how easy it is for the charge to travel
1/
13
, BIOS 286 Final Exam
13.Resistance: difficulty for charge to travel
14.(1) Resting potential: resting state; membrane potential = 70mV;
maintained by concentration gradients of sodium, potassium, and
chloride ions across the membrane
15.(2) Depolarization: stimulus reaches a certain threshold level (~ -
55mV), volt- age-gated sodium channels open and Na+ ions flow into
neuron, membrane poten- tial becomes more positive
16.(3) Rising phase: more Na+ ions enter and membrane potential
rapidly depo- larizes, reaching a peak around +30mV; voltage-gated
sodium channels open + voltage-gated potassium channels remain
closed
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13
