Psych 420 exam 1
1. What is development?: The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through
the human lifespan
2. Lifespan perspective: development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirec- tional, highly plastic, and affected
by multiple interacting forces-involves growth , maintenance and loss
3. In early decades of 20th century life expectancy in US & Western Europe
increased by almost 30 years! - W H Y: ?m e d advances - help us to wipe out deaths
from many infectious diseases
4. Biological Processes: Changes in an individual's physical nature such as height, weight, motor abilities, brain size,
hormone levels.
5. Cognitive processes: Changes in an individual's thinking, intelligence, and lan- guage.
6. socioemotional processes: changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality
7. Plasticity: the brain's ability to change
8. When is brain plasticity greatest?: early childhood (*before pruning is com- plete*)
9. t/f plasticity allows other brain regions to compensa:tetrue
10.when is brain plasticity the weakest?: Following early childhood (*after prun
ing is complete*)
11.normative age-graded influences: transitions and milestones that mark cer- tain age periods
12.Normative historical Influences: Influences on development that are similar for individuals in a particular
generation
(millennial, Generation X, Baby boomers, silent generation)
13.Non-normative life events: death of parent, moving to a new country, teen pregnancy
14.socioeconomic status: -by the education and income experienced by an indi- vidual and that can be the SES of the
individual, the immediate family, their friends and neighbors and their country
-*low SES often equates with developmental vulnerability*
15.Collectivist Culture: Place premium on social harmony, good of the group over good of the individual.
16.individualistic culture: emphasize independence, competition, and personal success
17.Continuity: development is a slow gradual process with no abrupt changes
18.discontinuity: "sudden leap" view
19.Theories of Development: seek to *explain why*, *Predict*, and determine
*ways to intervene*
, Psych 420 exam 1
20.developmental psychologists constructs that -
: theories ; seek to explain
21.these theories do three things:: -Explain why people behave the way they do
-Predict future behavior
-Determine ways to intervene
22.Behaviorism: *John Locke,watson &skinner*
*Tabula Rasa: idea that children are born without built-in content & KNOWLEDGE COMES solely from EXPERIENCE
& PERCEPTION*
23.B.F. Skinner: father of (operant conditioning): We behave a certain way because we are reinforced (rewarded) for
certain behaviors.
24.Any behavior that is reinforced is likely to be : repeated
25.Any behavior that is not reinforced is likely to be : extin-
guished
26.Traditional Behaviorism: The original behavioral world view that focused on charting and modifying only
"objective", visible behaviors -watson and skinner
27.Problems w/ Behaviorism: -Fails to consider nature and genetic predisposi- tions
-Fails to consider basic *human motivations *
-Does not acknowledge that emotions, thoughts, and feelings play an important role in development and behavior
28.Albert Bandura: cognitive behaviorism; We tend to model those who are nur- turing, and those we perceive to
be like us
-Our perceptions about reinforcers (rewards) determine our behavior and how motivated we are to seek them out.
29.Self efficacy: Our belief in our competence (i.e., our confidence) determines the goals we set
30.T/F A sense of efficacy is an important factor in healthy child developme
: true
31.Sigmund Freud: Transformed the way we think about human beings ;Psychoa
alytic Theory
32.Psychoanalytic Theory: -analyzes the psyche or our "inner life"
-Actions are dominated by unconscious feelings
-Root of problems = unconscious feelings from early childhood
33.psychoanalysis: Freud's method of enabling his patients to become aware of repressed early childhood
experiences causing their symptoms so they could be liberated from the tyranny of the unconscious to live rational,
productive lives.
34.Id: present at birth, mass of instincts, needs, & feelings we have when we arrive in the world
1. What is development?: The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through
the human lifespan
2. Lifespan perspective: development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirec- tional, highly plastic, and affected
by multiple interacting forces-involves growth , maintenance and loss
3. In early decades of 20th century life expectancy in US & Western Europe
increased by almost 30 years! - W H Y: ?m e d advances - help us to wipe out deaths
from many infectious diseases
4. Biological Processes: Changes in an individual's physical nature such as height, weight, motor abilities, brain size,
hormone levels.
5. Cognitive processes: Changes in an individual's thinking, intelligence, and lan- guage.
6. socioemotional processes: changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality
7. Plasticity: the brain's ability to change
8. When is brain plasticity greatest?: early childhood (*before pruning is com- plete*)
9. t/f plasticity allows other brain regions to compensa:tetrue
10.when is brain plasticity the weakest?: Following early childhood (*after prun
ing is complete*)
11.normative age-graded influences: transitions and milestones that mark cer- tain age periods
12.Normative historical Influences: Influences on development that are similar for individuals in a particular
generation
(millennial, Generation X, Baby boomers, silent generation)
13.Non-normative life events: death of parent, moving to a new country, teen pregnancy
14.socioeconomic status: -by the education and income experienced by an indi- vidual and that can be the SES of the
individual, the immediate family, their friends and neighbors and their country
-*low SES often equates with developmental vulnerability*
15.Collectivist Culture: Place premium on social harmony, good of the group over good of the individual.
16.individualistic culture: emphasize independence, competition, and personal success
17.Continuity: development is a slow gradual process with no abrupt changes
18.discontinuity: "sudden leap" view
19.Theories of Development: seek to *explain why*, *Predict*, and determine
*ways to intervene*
, Psych 420 exam 1
20.developmental psychologists constructs that -
: theories ; seek to explain
21.these theories do three things:: -Explain why people behave the way they do
-Predict future behavior
-Determine ways to intervene
22.Behaviorism: *John Locke,watson &skinner*
*Tabula Rasa: idea that children are born without built-in content & KNOWLEDGE COMES solely from EXPERIENCE
& PERCEPTION*
23.B.F. Skinner: father of (operant conditioning): We behave a certain way because we are reinforced (rewarded) for
certain behaviors.
24.Any behavior that is reinforced is likely to be : repeated
25.Any behavior that is not reinforced is likely to be : extin-
guished
26.Traditional Behaviorism: The original behavioral world view that focused on charting and modifying only
"objective", visible behaviors -watson and skinner
27.Problems w/ Behaviorism: -Fails to consider nature and genetic predisposi- tions
-Fails to consider basic *human motivations *
-Does not acknowledge that emotions, thoughts, and feelings play an important role in development and behavior
28.Albert Bandura: cognitive behaviorism; We tend to model those who are nur- turing, and those we perceive to
be like us
-Our perceptions about reinforcers (rewards) determine our behavior and how motivated we are to seek them out.
29.Self efficacy: Our belief in our competence (i.e., our confidence) determines the goals we set
30.T/F A sense of efficacy is an important factor in healthy child developme
: true
31.Sigmund Freud: Transformed the way we think about human beings ;Psychoa
alytic Theory
32.Psychoanalytic Theory: -analyzes the psyche or our "inner life"
-Actions are dominated by unconscious feelings
-Root of problems = unconscious feelings from early childhood
33.psychoanalysis: Freud's method of enabling his patients to become aware of repressed early childhood
experiences causing their symptoms so they could be liberated from the tyranny of the unconscious to live rational,
productive lives.
34.Id: present at birth, mass of instincts, needs, & feelings we have when we arrive in the world
