BIO AC U5 Final Exam Solution Manual Solved 100% Current Version (2024-2025)
(T1) What is a gene? - Answers A segment of DNA that produces a protein thus determining a trait
(T1) What is a chromosome? - Answers A condensed or compact "rod" of DNA that carries genetic
information
(T1) What is DNA? - Answers helical molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism and is
passed from parent to offspring.
(T1) What is a genome? - Answers All the DNA in one cell of an organism
(T1) What is a nucleus? - Answers The control center of the cell; contains the genetic material
(T1) What is a nucleotide? - Answers A small subunit that makes up DNA; building blocks for nucleic
acids
(T1) List nucleotide, nucleus, genome, chromosome, gene, and DNA from smallest to largest. - Answers
nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, genome
(T1) DNA is the _________________ for most organisms - Answers genetic material
(T1) DNA is found in _________________________ - Answers all cells of humans except red blood cells
(T1) DNA is a _______ template that can be _________ accurately - Answers physical, copied
(T1) Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes - Answers 23
(T1) Each chromosome is a ______________ - Answers long strand of DNA
(T1) DNA's structure consists of ___________________ - Answers two strands of connected nucleotides
(T1) DNA stands for - Answers deoxyribonucleic acid
(T1) To compress into chromosomes, DNA wraps around what? - Answers proteins called histones
(T1) DNA is a - Answers nucleic acid
(T1) Humans have ______ chromosomes - Answers 46
(T1) Humans have about ______ genes - Answers 25,000
(T1) How many proteins come from your mother? Father? - Answers 23, 23
(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you can tell their gender by looking at their _______
chromosome - Answers 23rd
(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a boy if their 23rd pair is
__________ - Answers XY
, (T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a girl if their 23rd pair is __________
- Answers XX
A girl's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. This is known as the _________________ sex - Answers
homogametic
A boy's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. This is known as the _________________ sex - Answers
heterogametic
(T2) DNA's presence has been known since ___________, but its function hasn't always been clear. -
Answers 1874
(T2) Who did the pneumonia-mouse experiment? - Answers Frederick Griffith
(T2) What year did Griffith do his experiment? - Answers 1928
(T2) Griffith's goal was to - Answers cure (vaccine) pneumonia
(T2) What were the two versions of pneumonia Griffith used? - Answers R and S strains
(T2) R strain refers to the _________ strain - Answers rough
(T2) S strain refers to the _________ strain - Answers smooth
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice S bacteria, they - Answers died
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice R bacteria, they - Answers lived
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated), they - Answers lived
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, they - Answers died
(T2) Why did the heated S bacteria not give the mice pneumonia and kill them? - Answers The heat
denatured the bacteria, rendering it useless
(T2) Why did the killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, kill the mice? - Answers The DNA that was
inside of the killed S bacteria was able to go into the R bacteria which was still functioning. The DNA
went inside and transformed the R bacteria into S bacteria.
(T2) Who coined the phrase "transformation"? - Answers Frederick Griffith
(T2) How do we know that DNA, not protein, changed the R strain to an S strain? - Answers The protein
was denatured, meaning that something that heat didn't kill got into the R strain.
(T2) Transformation - Answers A change in the genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of
external DNA by a cell.
(T1) What is a gene? - Answers A segment of DNA that produces a protein thus determining a trait
(T1) What is a chromosome? - Answers A condensed or compact "rod" of DNA that carries genetic
information
(T1) What is DNA? - Answers helical molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism and is
passed from parent to offspring.
(T1) What is a genome? - Answers All the DNA in one cell of an organism
(T1) What is a nucleus? - Answers The control center of the cell; contains the genetic material
(T1) What is a nucleotide? - Answers A small subunit that makes up DNA; building blocks for nucleic
acids
(T1) List nucleotide, nucleus, genome, chromosome, gene, and DNA from smallest to largest. - Answers
nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, genome
(T1) DNA is the _________________ for most organisms - Answers genetic material
(T1) DNA is found in _________________________ - Answers all cells of humans except red blood cells
(T1) DNA is a _______ template that can be _________ accurately - Answers physical, copied
(T1) Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes - Answers 23
(T1) Each chromosome is a ______________ - Answers long strand of DNA
(T1) DNA's structure consists of ___________________ - Answers two strands of connected nucleotides
(T1) DNA stands for - Answers deoxyribonucleic acid
(T1) To compress into chromosomes, DNA wraps around what? - Answers proteins called histones
(T1) DNA is a - Answers nucleic acid
(T1) Humans have ______ chromosomes - Answers 46
(T1) Humans have about ______ genes - Answers 25,000
(T1) How many proteins come from your mother? Father? - Answers 23, 23
(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you can tell their gender by looking at their _______
chromosome - Answers 23rd
(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a boy if their 23rd pair is
__________ - Answers XY
, (T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a girl if their 23rd pair is __________
- Answers XX
A girl's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. This is known as the _________________ sex - Answers
homogametic
A boy's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. This is known as the _________________ sex - Answers
heterogametic
(T2) DNA's presence has been known since ___________, but its function hasn't always been clear. -
Answers 1874
(T2) Who did the pneumonia-mouse experiment? - Answers Frederick Griffith
(T2) What year did Griffith do his experiment? - Answers 1928
(T2) Griffith's goal was to - Answers cure (vaccine) pneumonia
(T2) What were the two versions of pneumonia Griffith used? - Answers R and S strains
(T2) R strain refers to the _________ strain - Answers rough
(T2) S strain refers to the _________ strain - Answers smooth
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice S bacteria, they - Answers died
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice R bacteria, they - Answers lived
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated), they - Answers lived
(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, they - Answers died
(T2) Why did the heated S bacteria not give the mice pneumonia and kill them? - Answers The heat
denatured the bacteria, rendering it useless
(T2) Why did the killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, kill the mice? - Answers The DNA that was
inside of the killed S bacteria was able to go into the R bacteria which was still functioning. The DNA
went inside and transformed the R bacteria into S bacteria.
(T2) Who coined the phrase "transformation"? - Answers Frederick Griffith
(T2) How do we know that DNA, not protein, changed the R strain to an S strain? - Answers The protein
was denatured, meaning that something that heat didn't kill got into the R strain.
(T2) Transformation - Answers A change in the genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of
external DNA by a cell.
