CHEM121 - MODULE 7
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SIMPLIFIED
STUDYGUIDE
Four families of hydrocarbons
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double
bonds
Alkynes
a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Aromatics
A carbon compound with a benzene ring
Pentane
5 carbons and C-C single bonds
Butene
Contains 4 carbon bonds and a C=C double bond
Cyclohexene
6 carbons, a ring and a C=C double bond
octyne
8 carbons and a C-C triple bond
Saturated hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon
atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
, Organic Nitrogen
Forms 3 bonds
Organic oxygen
Forms 2 bonds
IUPAC nomenclature
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
the international system of rules for naming chemical
compounds
1. Locate and name the longest continuous chain of
carbons using the usual base names to indicate the
number of carbons.
2. Add a suffix to indicate the type of compound such
as -ane to indicate an alkane.
3. Name all substituents (attached pieces that are not
part of the chain) by using the same base names to
indicate the number of carbons in the substituent, and
add the 4. suffix -yl to the name of the substituent.
5. If more than one of the same kind of group is
present, indicate this by a prefix - using di (2), tri (3),
tetra (4), penta (5), etc.
6. Use numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) to describe the location
of substituent(s), counting from the end that gives the
lowest set of locating numbers.
1-pentene
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
1C
meth
2C
Eth
3C
Prop
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SIMPLIFIED
STUDYGUIDE
Four families of hydrocarbons
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double
bonds
Alkynes
a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Aromatics
A carbon compound with a benzene ring
Pentane
5 carbons and C-C single bonds
Butene
Contains 4 carbon bonds and a C=C double bond
Cyclohexene
6 carbons, a ring and a C=C double bond
octyne
8 carbons and a C-C triple bond
Saturated hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon
atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
, Organic Nitrogen
Forms 3 bonds
Organic oxygen
Forms 2 bonds
IUPAC nomenclature
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
the international system of rules for naming chemical
compounds
1. Locate and name the longest continuous chain of
carbons using the usual base names to indicate the
number of carbons.
2. Add a suffix to indicate the type of compound such
as -ane to indicate an alkane.
3. Name all substituents (attached pieces that are not
part of the chain) by using the same base names to
indicate the number of carbons in the substituent, and
add the 4. suffix -yl to the name of the substituent.
5. If more than one of the same kind of group is
present, indicate this by a prefix - using di (2), tri (3),
tetra (4), penta (5), etc.
6. Use numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) to describe the location
of substituent(s), counting from the end that gives the
lowest set of locating numbers.
1-pentene
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
1C
meth
2C
Eth
3C
Prop
