EKG, Test 1, MSState, Joe/ 155 Qs with
Complete Ans/ 2024-2025.
What does an EKG tell us? - Answer: the electrical activity of the heart
What are the primary functions of the heart? - Answer: -To pump blood throughout lungs and
body
-Oxygen and nutrient delivery
-Removal of waste products
-Pulmonary circuit
-Systemic circuit
Describe the Pulmonary Circuit - Answer: -right side of the heart
-transports blood to the lungs
-blood is deoxygenated
,Describe the Systemic Circuit - Answer: -left side of the heart
-transports blood to the rest of the body
-blood is oxygenated
What are the 13 steps needed to trace blood through the heart? - Answer: 1. Inferior and
superior vena cava and coronary sinus
2. Right atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid or mitral valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic semilunar valve
13. Aorta
Describe the location and structure of the heart - Answer: -is the size of human fist
-posterior to sternum
-anterior to thoracic vertebrae
-bordered laterally by lungs
-tilted at angle
-2/3 to the left of sternum
Where is the osculated HR taken? - Answer: between the 5th and 6th ribs at the midclavicular
line
, What is the pericardium - Answer: -a double walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart
-divided into the fibrous pericardium and the serious pericardium
Describe the fibrous pericardium - Answer: -outer layer
-anchors heart to mediastinum and diaphragm
-continuous with connective tissue coverings of great vessels
Describe the serious pericardium - Answer: -transparent, delicate thin inner layer
-double membrane, which means this layer is then subdivided into the:
1. Parietal pericardium- medial layer
2. Visceral pericardium- interlayer which is also called the epicardium
Describe the pericardial cavity - Answer: between parietal and visceral pericardium containing
serous fluid
Define the layers of the heart wall - Answer: 1. Epicardium- outmost layer-composed of a
smooth, thin serous membrane (visceral pericardium)
2. Myocardium-middle layer-composed of cardiac muscle tissue.....Includes intercalated discs,
gap junctions, & desmosomes
3. Endocardium- innermost layer- single layer of endothelial cells overlaying a thin serous
(basement) membrane.......lines the 4 chambers and heart valves.......prevents leakage of blood
into other layers
Describe Myocardial cells - Answer: -also known as Cardiomyocytes
-working cells
-contract to propel blood out of the hearts chambers
-striated and involuntary
-intercalated disks, gap junctions, desmosomes
Complete Ans/ 2024-2025.
What does an EKG tell us? - Answer: the electrical activity of the heart
What are the primary functions of the heart? - Answer: -To pump blood throughout lungs and
body
-Oxygen and nutrient delivery
-Removal of waste products
-Pulmonary circuit
-Systemic circuit
Describe the Pulmonary Circuit - Answer: -right side of the heart
-transports blood to the lungs
-blood is deoxygenated
,Describe the Systemic Circuit - Answer: -left side of the heart
-transports blood to the rest of the body
-blood is oxygenated
What are the 13 steps needed to trace blood through the heart? - Answer: 1. Inferior and
superior vena cava and coronary sinus
2. Right atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid or mitral valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic semilunar valve
13. Aorta
Describe the location and structure of the heart - Answer: -is the size of human fist
-posterior to sternum
-anterior to thoracic vertebrae
-bordered laterally by lungs
-tilted at angle
-2/3 to the left of sternum
Where is the osculated HR taken? - Answer: between the 5th and 6th ribs at the midclavicular
line
, What is the pericardium - Answer: -a double walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart
-divided into the fibrous pericardium and the serious pericardium
Describe the fibrous pericardium - Answer: -outer layer
-anchors heart to mediastinum and diaphragm
-continuous with connective tissue coverings of great vessels
Describe the serious pericardium - Answer: -transparent, delicate thin inner layer
-double membrane, which means this layer is then subdivided into the:
1. Parietal pericardium- medial layer
2. Visceral pericardium- interlayer which is also called the epicardium
Describe the pericardial cavity - Answer: between parietal and visceral pericardium containing
serous fluid
Define the layers of the heart wall - Answer: 1. Epicardium- outmost layer-composed of a
smooth, thin serous membrane (visceral pericardium)
2. Myocardium-middle layer-composed of cardiac muscle tissue.....Includes intercalated discs,
gap junctions, & desmosomes
3. Endocardium- innermost layer- single layer of endothelial cells overlaying a thin serous
(basement) membrane.......lines the 4 chambers and heart valves.......prevents leakage of blood
into other layers
Describe Myocardial cells - Answer: -also known as Cardiomyocytes
-working cells
-contract to propel blood out of the hearts chambers
-striated and involuntary
-intercalated disks, gap junctions, desmosomes
