NSC 408 Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers
What does the Agouti mouse experiment demonstrate? correct answer -
Maternal diet during gestation has a profound effect on the phenotype of the
offspring
Peptide hormones are made of ___, and steroid hormones are derived from ___.
correct answer -Chains of amino acids; cholesterol
About what percentage of breast cancer cases are attributable to family
history (BRCA-1 mutations)? correct answer -About 5%
Epigenetic changes to DNA are heritable (can be passed to offspring), even
though they do not result in changes to DNA sequence. correct answer -
True
In a patient with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, who cannot generate
oxaloacetate, why not just treat the patient directly with oxaloacetate
supplementation? correct answer -Oxaloacetate is not able to cross the the
mitochondrial membrane
Under normal circumstances, pyruvate is converted to either acetyl co A or
oxaloacetate, which are used to run the Krebs cycle. When pyruvate builds up
faster than it is being used in the Krebs cycle, what immediate alternative
pathway does it take? correct answer -It is converted into lactate.
What is polymorphism? correct answer -A DNA sequence variation that
can alter the structure and function of the protein product, but is not lethal
The conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is catalyzed by which enzyme?
correct answer -Pyruvate carboxylase
Which of the following is a factor that helps determine the effect of a given
nutrient in our bodies? correct answer --dosage (how much is consumed)
-nutrient timing (when the nutrient is consumed)
-genotype (mutations/polymorphisms)
- co-exposure (other environmental factors that can interact with the
nutrient)
, Why didn't the completion of the human genome project give us the answers
to curing all diseases? correct answer -The vast majority of disease are not
related to genetics, but epigenetics, proteomics (the profile of proteins
present in an individual) and environmental exposures
Based on your knowledge of metabolic pathways of glucose, amino acids, and
fats, which would most likely be elevated in a patient with a non-functioning
pyruvate carboxylase (PC) enzyme? correct answer -Ketone bodies, blood
alanine, blood lactate,
The expression of genes is cell/tissue specific (i.e. the protein products of
genes in one type of cell can be different than in other types of cells). correct
answer -True
The acetylation of histones activates transcription. correct answer -True
The epigenetic benefits gained from eating foods such as broccoli, are
transient, meaning they do not last forever. In order to sustain these benefits,
consumption of the food must be consistent. correct answer -True
Which answer best explains why blood alanine levels may be elevated in a
patient with a non-functional pyruvate carboxylase (PC) enzyme? correct
answer -Alanine is the primary amino acid providing carbons for
gluconeogenesis, so when glucose is needed, alanine is mobilized from the
muscles and transported though the blood to the liver.
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the deacetylation of
histones? correct answer -HDAC
It is important to consider the Transamination Pathway for those who...
correct answer --have type 2 diabetes
-are fasting
-have a PC deficiency
The ___ is the set of genes which code for a trait in which the expression is
referred to as the ___. correct answer -genotype; phenotype.
What does the Agouti mouse experiment demonstrate? correct answer -
Maternal diet during gestation has a profound effect on the phenotype of the
offspring
Peptide hormones are made of ___, and steroid hormones are derived from ___.
correct answer -Chains of amino acids; cholesterol
About what percentage of breast cancer cases are attributable to family
history (BRCA-1 mutations)? correct answer -About 5%
Epigenetic changes to DNA are heritable (can be passed to offspring), even
though they do not result in changes to DNA sequence. correct answer -
True
In a patient with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, who cannot generate
oxaloacetate, why not just treat the patient directly with oxaloacetate
supplementation? correct answer -Oxaloacetate is not able to cross the the
mitochondrial membrane
Under normal circumstances, pyruvate is converted to either acetyl co A or
oxaloacetate, which are used to run the Krebs cycle. When pyruvate builds up
faster than it is being used in the Krebs cycle, what immediate alternative
pathway does it take? correct answer -It is converted into lactate.
What is polymorphism? correct answer -A DNA sequence variation that
can alter the structure and function of the protein product, but is not lethal
The conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is catalyzed by which enzyme?
correct answer -Pyruvate carboxylase
Which of the following is a factor that helps determine the effect of a given
nutrient in our bodies? correct answer --dosage (how much is consumed)
-nutrient timing (when the nutrient is consumed)
-genotype (mutations/polymorphisms)
- co-exposure (other environmental factors that can interact with the
nutrient)
, Why didn't the completion of the human genome project give us the answers
to curing all diseases? correct answer -The vast majority of disease are not
related to genetics, but epigenetics, proteomics (the profile of proteins
present in an individual) and environmental exposures
Based on your knowledge of metabolic pathways of glucose, amino acids, and
fats, which would most likely be elevated in a patient with a non-functioning
pyruvate carboxylase (PC) enzyme? correct answer -Ketone bodies, blood
alanine, blood lactate,
The expression of genes is cell/tissue specific (i.e. the protein products of
genes in one type of cell can be different than in other types of cells). correct
answer -True
The acetylation of histones activates transcription. correct answer -True
The epigenetic benefits gained from eating foods such as broccoli, are
transient, meaning they do not last forever. In order to sustain these benefits,
consumption of the food must be consistent. correct answer -True
Which answer best explains why blood alanine levels may be elevated in a
patient with a non-functional pyruvate carboxylase (PC) enzyme? correct
answer -Alanine is the primary amino acid providing carbons for
gluconeogenesis, so when glucose is needed, alanine is mobilized from the
muscles and transported though the blood to the liver.
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the deacetylation of
histones? correct answer -HDAC
It is important to consider the Transamination Pathway for those who...
correct answer --have type 2 diabetes
-are fasting
-have a PC deficiency
The ___ is the set of genes which code for a trait in which the expression is
referred to as the ___. correct answer -genotype; phenotype.
