By sending and receiving US waves through the mother’s abdomen
When the waves are reflected from moving objects like the fetal heart the frequency
changes slightly
This change is then analyzed by the electronics inside the transducer and converted
into audible beeps - CORRECT ANSWER How do you fetal Doppler’s work?
Convert FECG to fetal heart rate by measuring consecutive R to R wave intervals -
CORRECT ANSWER How do fetal scalp electrodes work?
Increased caffeine intake - CORRECT ANSWER What can cause an irregular rhythm in
a fetus?
Requires a risk benefit analysis
Digoxin or other drugs like amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER What can be done to
treat Fetal SVT?
Maternal lupus - CORRECT ANSWER What can cause a complete or third-degree
heart block in a fetus?
50 to 70 bpm - CORRECT ANSWER What ventricular rate in a fetus is associated with
a complete or third-degree heart block?
A pacemaker implantation - CORRECT ANSWER How can a complete heart block be
treated in a neonate?
Hypoxemia can lead to shunting which leads to decreased renal perfusion which then
causes a decrease in AFI - CORRECT ANSWER How can hypoxemia lead to a
decreased AFI in a fetus?
CST - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most accurate test for evaluating risk of fetal
death within seven days of a reassuring test?
10 distinct movements in two hours - CORRECT ANSWER What is a normal fetal
movement count?
, Accelerations peak greater than 15 bpm above the baseline and last for greater than 15
seconds - CORRECT ANSWER What is a reactive NST for greater than 32 weeks?
Accelerations with a peak of greater than 10 bpm above the baseline and duration of
longer than 10 seconds - CORRECT ANSWER What is a reactive NST for less than 32
weeks?
At least three contractions and a 10-minute span each lasting greater than 40 seconds -
CORRECT ANSWER How many contractions are needed for a contraction stress test?
No late or significant variable decelerations - CORRECT ANSWER What is a negative
contraction stress test?
Recurrent late decelerations even if the frequency of contractions is less than three in a
10-minute span - CORRECT ANSWER What is a positive contraction stress test?
Intermittent late or significant variable decelerations - CORRECT ANSWER What is a
suspicious contraction stress test?
An NST, fetal breathing movement, fetal movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid
volume - CORRECT ANSWER What does a biophysical profile or BPP consist of?
8 to 10 - CORRECT ANSWER What is the normal value for a BPP?
Four or less - CORRECT ANSWER What is a concerning BPP score?
Loss of fetal tone - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most concerning in regards to a
BPP?
5-25 - CORRECT ANSWER What is a normal AFI?
Assess his vascular resistance to blood flow within the placenta
Monitors for IUGR - CORRECT ANSWER What does an umbilical artery Doppler
velocimetry do?
Cat 1 - CORRECT ANSWER What category rules out fetal academia?
Severe astha, cardiac issues, and ecclampic seizures - CORRECT ANSWER What
maternal conditions greatly impact fetal oxygenation?
intervillous space - CORRECT ANSWER Where does the exchange of O2 and nutrients
take place?
O2 enters the intervillous space via the maternal arteries, to the villi then the umbilical
vein takes the o2 blood to the fetus. The umbilical arteries take the deO2 blood from the
baby through the villi and back to the mother - CORRECT ANSWER How is o2 blood
transferred to the fetus?
When the waves are reflected from moving objects like the fetal heart the frequency
changes slightly
This change is then analyzed by the electronics inside the transducer and converted
into audible beeps - CORRECT ANSWER How do you fetal Doppler’s work?
Convert FECG to fetal heart rate by measuring consecutive R to R wave intervals -
CORRECT ANSWER How do fetal scalp electrodes work?
Increased caffeine intake - CORRECT ANSWER What can cause an irregular rhythm in
a fetus?
Requires a risk benefit analysis
Digoxin or other drugs like amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER What can be done to
treat Fetal SVT?
Maternal lupus - CORRECT ANSWER What can cause a complete or third-degree
heart block in a fetus?
50 to 70 bpm - CORRECT ANSWER What ventricular rate in a fetus is associated with
a complete or third-degree heart block?
A pacemaker implantation - CORRECT ANSWER How can a complete heart block be
treated in a neonate?
Hypoxemia can lead to shunting which leads to decreased renal perfusion which then
causes a decrease in AFI - CORRECT ANSWER How can hypoxemia lead to a
decreased AFI in a fetus?
CST - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most accurate test for evaluating risk of fetal
death within seven days of a reassuring test?
10 distinct movements in two hours - CORRECT ANSWER What is a normal fetal
movement count?
, Accelerations peak greater than 15 bpm above the baseline and last for greater than 15
seconds - CORRECT ANSWER What is a reactive NST for greater than 32 weeks?
Accelerations with a peak of greater than 10 bpm above the baseline and duration of
longer than 10 seconds - CORRECT ANSWER What is a reactive NST for less than 32
weeks?
At least three contractions and a 10-minute span each lasting greater than 40 seconds -
CORRECT ANSWER How many contractions are needed for a contraction stress test?
No late or significant variable decelerations - CORRECT ANSWER What is a negative
contraction stress test?
Recurrent late decelerations even if the frequency of contractions is less than three in a
10-minute span - CORRECT ANSWER What is a positive contraction stress test?
Intermittent late or significant variable decelerations - CORRECT ANSWER What is a
suspicious contraction stress test?
An NST, fetal breathing movement, fetal movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid
volume - CORRECT ANSWER What does a biophysical profile or BPP consist of?
8 to 10 - CORRECT ANSWER What is the normal value for a BPP?
Four or less - CORRECT ANSWER What is a concerning BPP score?
Loss of fetal tone - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most concerning in regards to a
BPP?
5-25 - CORRECT ANSWER What is a normal AFI?
Assess his vascular resistance to blood flow within the placenta
Monitors for IUGR - CORRECT ANSWER What does an umbilical artery Doppler
velocimetry do?
Cat 1 - CORRECT ANSWER What category rules out fetal academia?
Severe astha, cardiac issues, and ecclampic seizures - CORRECT ANSWER What
maternal conditions greatly impact fetal oxygenation?
intervillous space - CORRECT ANSWER Where does the exchange of O2 and nutrients
take place?
O2 enters the intervillous space via the maternal arteries, to the villi then the umbilical
vein takes the o2 blood to the fetus. The umbilical arteries take the deO2 blood from the
baby through the villi and back to the mother - CORRECT ANSWER How is o2 blood
transferred to the fetus?
