SPCE 680 3,4,5 exam notes - complete study guide, A+ Ball State University.
SPCE 680 3,4,5 exam notes - complete study guide, A Ball State University. SPCE 680 3,4,5 exam notes Anomalies a deviation from the common rule, type, arrangement, or form impairment the state of being diminished, weakened, or damaged, especially mentally or physically: pathognomic of ASD a description of physical or behavioral trademark signs of a specific disease or mental health condition. A. Social, Emotional & Communicative Impairments ... 1. Impaired dyadic interaction another term used to refer to one to one social interactions in infancy is primary intersubjectivity, but dyadic interaction will be used here triadic interaction = secondary intersubjectivitiy ... retrospective studies research studies that use information from the past to identify the earliest signs of, or risk factors for, a disease or mental health condition prospective studies research studies of groups selected before there are any signs of the onset of a particular condition, then studied to determine if, when and how a condition such as ASD first manifests. Groups participating in prospective studies are often selected on grounds of likely risk, for example younger siblings of a child with ASD. prodromal autism = incipient autism a developmental stage that precedes diagnosable ASD, but during which some early indications of ASD may be retrospectively detectable (from home videos). dyadic interaction in social psychology, a face to face encounter or interaction between two people referred to as a dyad, for instance mother-child dyad or primary intersubjectivity, though with less emphasis on shared affect and awareness of self-other correspondence. continues throughout life, typically occurring in the context of intimate relationships earliest signs of prodromal autism lack of dyadic interaction behaviors such as making eye contact or responding to their own name first 2 month typically dev. infants smile in response to another smile and hold anthers face to face gaze involuntarily imitate other peoples facial movements, such as opening the mouth first 6 month -engage in face to face lap play -initiating and turn taking in protoconversations or games such as peek book -unocnsciously synchronizing their own sounds and movements protoconversation conversation-like, turn-taking exchanges of vocalizations and other nonverbal communication signals between prelinguistic infants and carers, often initiated as well as maintained by the infant ameliorate the impairments verbessern 2. impaired triadic interaction involve two people attending to the same thing: you, me and X protodeclarative pointing communication for th sake of sharing something of interest with another person, often by pointing at the object or event of interest, but it can also involve bringing something to show another person of drawing attention to something using language. Assoicated with joint/shared attention. within first 6 month typically developed infant will turn their heads to look where someone else is looking, known as gaze following by the end of 1 year they will turn back to check where the other person is looking (joint attention) What I find interesting/funny/scary/ you may also find interesting.. first half of second year start to use protodeclarative pointing to draw someone else's attention to something of interest early indications that a toddler is autistic absence of joint attention behaviors, in particular a lack of protodeclarative pointing 3. impaired mind reading -understandings and insights of other peoples minds, from an implicit (unconscious) appreciation to the -ability to reason consciously about what another person believe, knows, wants... to -predict their behavior accordingly theory of mind (ToM)= misreading ... theory of mind test= also knows as false belief test/task first test in 1980 any test of the ability to understand that another per on may believe something to be try that is in fact false, and to predict the other persons behavior on the basis of their false belief. acting out of scenarios using puppets or dolls, verbally presented stories with illustrative drawings implicit ToM typically developed 1 year olds have implicit ToM unconscious of another person mental state, for instance what another person has seen, is felling, knows, all individuals with ASD lack implicit ToM explicit ToM passed by children around age 4 conscious knowledge of another persons mental state: what another person has seen, is feeling, knows conscious knowledge of own mental states ability to reflect on ones own and others mental states and predict verbally another persons behaviour ASD children and adults struggle to succeed on these tests. 4. Impaired emotion processing ... neurotypical neurobiologically normal,especially in terms of brain structure and function ability to experience basic emotions is intact in people with ASD they smile when they are happy, cry when sad, shout when they are angry ability to identify the basic emotions of other people from their facial expressions is generally impaired, especially for negative emotions. ability to experience complex emotions, or identify complex emotions in others, is impaired. understanding complex emotions such as pride or embarrassment Emotion contagion is unimpaired. children with autism are not oblivious to the emotion of others, and one screaming child in a room full of children Cognitive empathy is impaired. Mandy does not appear to understand that the child she knocks over is crying because ...... *******Continued.
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