Summary Trematodes or Flukes Cheat Sheet

Geographical First Intermediate Second Location of
Trematode Other Name Definitive Host Diagnostic Stage Infective Stage Eggs P
Distribution Host (SNAILS) Intermediate Host Adult
LUNG FLUKES
P. africanus –
Africa
P. mexicanus – Unembryonated
Paragonimus Central and South Thiara and Fresh water Metacercariae in
Oriental lung fluke America Humans eggs in sputum or Lungs Unemb
westermani Semisulcospira crustaceans/crab crustacean
P. kellicotti – feces
Midwestern and
Southern US
INTESTINAL FLUKES
Central and Metacercariae in
Fasciolopsis Hippeutis and Unembryonated
Giant intestinal fluke Southeast Asia Humans Water chestnut water tubers or Small intestine Unemb
buski Segmentina eggs in feces
(SEA) water chestnut
Pila snail,
Echinostoma bivalves (clams, Metacercariae in
Philippines, SEA, Humans, aquatic Unembryonated
(Euparydium) Garrison’s fluke Gyraulus oysters, scallops, snails, bivalves, Small intestine Unemb
Orient birds, carnivores eggs in feces
ilocanum mussels), fish, fish, tadpoles
tadpoles
Humans,
Fresh/brackish Metacercariae in
Heterophyes Dwarf intestinal Egypt, Middle fish-eating Pironella and Embryonated eggs
water fish (tilapia, fresh/brackish Small intestine Embry
heterophyes fluke East, Far East mammals (dogs, Cerithidea in feces
catfish, trout, bass) water fish
cats), and birds
Humans,
Yokogawa’s fluke, Metacercariae in
Metagonimus fish-eating Fresh/brackish Embryonated eggs
Intestinal fish fluke, Far East Semiculcospira fresh/brackish Small intestine Embry
yokogawai mammals (dogs, water fish (salmon) in feces
Von Siebold’s fluke water fish
cats), and birds
LIVER FLUKES
Fasciola
hepatica Sheep liver fluke Definitive – Unembryonated
Worldwide, more
(more common) sheep, cattle Aquatic vegetation eggs in feces and Metacercariae in
common in US Lymnaea Liver Unemb
Accidental - (watercress, alfalfa) bile fluid water plants
Fasciola and UK
Tropical liver fluke humans (occasional)
gigantica
Embryonated eggs
Fresh water fish
Clonorchis Chinese or Oriental Humans, dogs, Parafossarulus in feces, bile fluid, Metacercariae in
SEA (cyprinoid) – carps Liver Embry
sinensis liver fluke cats manchouricus and duodenal cyprinoid fish
and barbs
aspirates
GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCT FLUKES
Opisthorchis
Cat liver fluke Europe Humans, cats
felineus Embryonated eggs
Fresh water fish Metacercariae in
Humans, dogs, Bithynia found in feces or Bile ducts Embry
Opisthorchis (cyprinoid) cyprinoid fish
SEA liver fluke SEA other fish-eating bile fluid
viverrine
mammals
D. hospes – sub-
Saharan West Definitive –
Africa Cochlicopa, Helix,
Dicrocoelium Lanceolate/lancet cattle, sheep Embryonated eggs Metacercariae in
D. dendriticum – Xerolenta, and Ants (Formica spp.) Bile ducts Embry
dendriticum fluke Europe, Asia, North Accidental – in feces or bile fluid ants
Zebrina
Africa, North humans, dogs
America