Anatomy and Physiology II D313
1. dextrocardia;situs inversus.: The heart is on the right side of the thorax in a very small
percentage of people. These people have a condition called ,
which is a developmental anomaly.
When the position of the organs of the abdomen is also affected, the condition is known as .
2. Where is the heart positioned?: It is superior to the diaphragm. It is medial to
the lungs.
3. deoxygenated blood: refers to the blood that has low oxygen saturation relative to blood
leaving the lungs
4. oxygenated blood: refers to the blood that has been exposed to oxygen in the lungs
5. cardiac muscle: an involuntary, striated muscle that makes up the walls of the heart
6. myocardium: one of the layers of the heart wall, it includes cardiac muscle fibers
7. diaphragm: a large dome-shaped muscle located within the chest cavity, just below the
lungs
8. sternum: a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest
9. base: located at the level of the third costal cartilage or the third bone of the rib cage
10.apex: located at the sternum between the fourth and fifth ribs
11.pericardium: a thin, fluid-filled sac that covers the outer surface of the heart
12.pericardial cavity: a narrow cavity filled with a thin serous fluid, called pericar- dial fluid
13.pericardial fluid: a thin serous fluid
14.endocardium: a smooth, thin membrane lining the inner surface of the heart chambers
15.myocardium: the heart muscle composed of cardiac muscle fibers
16.epicardium: the thin, outer membrane of the heart wall
17.endo: means inner
18.myo: means muscle
19.epi: means above
20.atria: two upper chambers of the heart that are positioned near its base
21.auricles: small semi-elastic pouches within the atria that expand when filled with blood
22.atrioventricular valves: these valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria
23.atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve: allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the ventricle in
a forward direction
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, Anatomy and Physiology II D313
24.atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve: allows blood to flow from the left ventricle (pumping
chamber) to the aorta and prevents blood from flowing backward
25.ventricles:: pump blood out of the heart and into either systemic or pulmonary circulation
26. pulmonary valve: allows blood to be pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs
(through the pulmonary artery) where it will receive oxygen
27.aortic valve: opens to allow blood to leave the heart from the left ventricle through the
aorta and the body
28.aeorta: main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
29. bicuspid aortic valve (BAV): is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three.
BAV occurs in about 2% of the population, often runs in families, and is more common among
males than females.
30.Left atrium and left ventricle: The mitral (bicuspid) valve is between which chambers of
the heart?
31.semilunar: determine the passage of blood between the ventricles and the main arteries,
transporting blood away from the heart to the vital organs
32.right ventricle: passes the blood on to the pulmonary artery, which sends it to the lungs to
pick up oxygen
33.aorta: main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
34.left ventricle: receives the now oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left
ventricle
35.coronary arteries: supply blood to the heart muscle
36.myocardium: one of the layers of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle fibers
37.heart: The is positioned above and upon the superior surface of the
respiratory diaphragm, posterior to the sternum.
38.pericardium, endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.: The layers of the heart wall include
the .
39.four; two; four; one: The heart has chambers, auricles, valves,
and muscular septum.
40.right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.: The chambers of the heart are the
.
41.pulmonary valve
aortic valve tricuspid
valve
mitral valve: The four valves in the heart are .
42.What are the functions of the four valves of the heart?: The four valves in the heart prevent the
blood from flowing back into the chambers and assure that the direction of blood flow into and
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8
1. dextrocardia;situs inversus.: The heart is on the right side of the thorax in a very small
percentage of people. These people have a condition called ,
which is a developmental anomaly.
When the position of the organs of the abdomen is also affected, the condition is known as .
2. Where is the heart positioned?: It is superior to the diaphragm. It is medial to
the lungs.
3. deoxygenated blood: refers to the blood that has low oxygen saturation relative to blood
leaving the lungs
4. oxygenated blood: refers to the blood that has been exposed to oxygen in the lungs
5. cardiac muscle: an involuntary, striated muscle that makes up the walls of the heart
6. myocardium: one of the layers of the heart wall, it includes cardiac muscle fibers
7. diaphragm: a large dome-shaped muscle located within the chest cavity, just below the
lungs
8. sternum: a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest
9. base: located at the level of the third costal cartilage or the third bone of the rib cage
10.apex: located at the sternum between the fourth and fifth ribs
11.pericardium: a thin, fluid-filled sac that covers the outer surface of the heart
12.pericardial cavity: a narrow cavity filled with a thin serous fluid, called pericar- dial fluid
13.pericardial fluid: a thin serous fluid
14.endocardium: a smooth, thin membrane lining the inner surface of the heart chambers
15.myocardium: the heart muscle composed of cardiac muscle fibers
16.epicardium: the thin, outer membrane of the heart wall
17.endo: means inner
18.myo: means muscle
19.epi: means above
20.atria: two upper chambers of the heart that are positioned near its base
21.auricles: small semi-elastic pouches within the atria that expand when filled with blood
22.atrioventricular valves: these valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria
23.atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve: allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the ventricle in
a forward direction
1/
8
, Anatomy and Physiology II D313
24.atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve: allows blood to flow from the left ventricle (pumping
chamber) to the aorta and prevents blood from flowing backward
25.ventricles:: pump blood out of the heart and into either systemic or pulmonary circulation
26. pulmonary valve: allows blood to be pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs
(through the pulmonary artery) where it will receive oxygen
27.aortic valve: opens to allow blood to leave the heart from the left ventricle through the
aorta and the body
28.aeorta: main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
29. bicuspid aortic valve (BAV): is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three.
BAV occurs in about 2% of the population, often runs in families, and is more common among
males than females.
30.Left atrium and left ventricle: The mitral (bicuspid) valve is between which chambers of
the heart?
31.semilunar: determine the passage of blood between the ventricles and the main arteries,
transporting blood away from the heart to the vital organs
32.right ventricle: passes the blood on to the pulmonary artery, which sends it to the lungs to
pick up oxygen
33.aorta: main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
34.left ventricle: receives the now oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left
ventricle
35.coronary arteries: supply blood to the heart muscle
36.myocardium: one of the layers of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle fibers
37.heart: The is positioned above and upon the superior surface of the
respiratory diaphragm, posterior to the sternum.
38.pericardium, endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.: The layers of the heart wall include
the .
39.four; two; four; one: The heart has chambers, auricles, valves,
and muscular septum.
40.right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.: The chambers of the heart are the
.
41.pulmonary valve
aortic valve tricuspid
valve
mitral valve: The four valves in the heart are .
42.What are the functions of the four valves of the heart?: The four valves in the heart prevent the
blood from flowing back into the chambers and assure that the direction of blood flow into and
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