NR 565 Final Exam 2025 – Questions And Detailed
Answers
When should insulin be considered? Correct Ans - For patients with an
A1c >10%, a fasting blood glucose >300 or are markedly symptomatic
At what interval should A1c be rechecked? Correct Ans - 2-4 times a year
(every 3 months) until A1c drops to 7% and at least every 6 months there
after
action of insulin Correct Ans - regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin
promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and
other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating
glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis
First, it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids,
nucleotides, and potassium. Second, insulin promotes synthesis of complex
organic molecules. Under the influence of insulin and other factors, glucose is
converted into glycogen, amino acids are assembled into proteins, and fatty
acids are incorporated into triglycerides
Pioglitazone (TZD) contraindications Correct Ans - do not give to
patients with heart failure or history of bladder cancer
GLP-1 Correct Ans - glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
ending in -glutide/tide
ex. semaglutide
TZD Correct Ans - Thiazolidinedione's
end in -ones
ex. glitazones
DPP4-1 Correct Ans - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors
end in -gliptin
ex. gliptins
, SGLT2i Correct Ans - sodium-glucose contransporter 2 inhibitors
end in-flozin
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin
Correct Ans - metformin
Ratio of basal insulin to rapid acting insulin in total daily dose of insulin?
Correct Ans - 50%
Which diabetic medications come with concern to hypoglycemia? Correct
Ans - Amylin Analogues, Insulin, Meglitinides, Sulfonylureas (think these
medications AIMS cause hypoglycemia)
What labs are used to diagnose thyroid problems? Correct Ans - Free
and total T3
Free and total T4
TSH
Anti-TPO
Hypothyroidism labs Correct Ans - increased TSH, decreased T3 &T4
hyperthyroidism labs Correct Ans - decreased TSH and increased T3
&T4
When to recheck labs after starting levothyroxine? Correct Ans - 6-8
weeks or after dose change, then 12 months once stabilized
S/S hypothyroidism Correct Ans - pale, puffy, and expressionless face,
cold and dry skin, brittle hair/hair loss, low heart rate and body temperature,
lethargy, fatigue, cold intolerance, mental status changes, thyroid enlargement
Think "hypo low and slow"
S/S hyperthyroidism Correct Ans - strong and rapid heart rate,
dysrhythmias, angina, nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow and speech,
muscle weakness/atrophy, increased metabolic rate (increased heat
Answers
When should insulin be considered? Correct Ans - For patients with an
A1c >10%, a fasting blood glucose >300 or are markedly symptomatic
At what interval should A1c be rechecked? Correct Ans - 2-4 times a year
(every 3 months) until A1c drops to 7% and at least every 6 months there
after
action of insulin Correct Ans - regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin
promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and
other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating
glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis
First, it stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids,
nucleotides, and potassium. Second, insulin promotes synthesis of complex
organic molecules. Under the influence of insulin and other factors, glucose is
converted into glycogen, amino acids are assembled into proteins, and fatty
acids are incorporated into triglycerides
Pioglitazone (TZD) contraindications Correct Ans - do not give to
patients with heart failure or history of bladder cancer
GLP-1 Correct Ans - glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
ending in -glutide/tide
ex. semaglutide
TZD Correct Ans - Thiazolidinedione's
end in -ones
ex. glitazones
DPP4-1 Correct Ans - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors
end in -gliptin
ex. gliptins
, SGLT2i Correct Ans - sodium-glucose contransporter 2 inhibitors
end in-flozin
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin
Correct Ans - metformin
Ratio of basal insulin to rapid acting insulin in total daily dose of insulin?
Correct Ans - 50%
Which diabetic medications come with concern to hypoglycemia? Correct
Ans - Amylin Analogues, Insulin, Meglitinides, Sulfonylureas (think these
medications AIMS cause hypoglycemia)
What labs are used to diagnose thyroid problems? Correct Ans - Free
and total T3
Free and total T4
TSH
Anti-TPO
Hypothyroidism labs Correct Ans - increased TSH, decreased T3 &T4
hyperthyroidism labs Correct Ans - decreased TSH and increased T3
&T4
When to recheck labs after starting levothyroxine? Correct Ans - 6-8
weeks or after dose change, then 12 months once stabilized
S/S hypothyroidism Correct Ans - pale, puffy, and expressionless face,
cold and dry skin, brittle hair/hair loss, low heart rate and body temperature,
lethargy, fatigue, cold intolerance, mental status changes, thyroid enlargement
Think "hypo low and slow"
S/S hyperthyroidism Correct Ans - strong and rapid heart rate,
dysrhythmias, angina, nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow and speech,
muscle weakness/atrophy, increased metabolic rate (increased heat
