lawofmin
-
--
↑
-
/ -
ENERGY BALANCE FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS
in
energy
s
_ state
W
DEp DEk , ,
DU --
energystoredinSistem energintrant -
7 > Q
Dut =
0 + w
example ;
D Du
& extensive properties 3 (depends on
quantity (
w w =U
7 tre tre
-
total volume Ut ,
=
mV or Ut =
nV
(increase in internal energy) -
total internal energy ut mU ,
=
or ut = nU
V
2) QQ =V [intensive properties] (independent on
quantity
Tee
(decrease in internalenergy
heath
-
-
specific
specific
or molar volume ,
or molar internal
energy , U
S/mol T
g
ESTATE FUNCTIONS] T
& S , Du , OH , P , T V A * need at least 2
,
thermodynamics
F
properties that be stored
>
-
can
to its initial values properties to find
>
-
do notdepend process pathway
on thermodynamics state *
>
-
change will results in finite differences
> and
-
W is not state function
>V
i W
Reversible Process - Irriversible Process -
·
ideal process (produce best result) calculation Step
minimum work input I find Wrer for reversible
process
·
maximum work output
represents a limit ② Multiply or Devide Wher with efficiency
work
- produce
>
27 7
If Wrer-re : Wrer x
efficiency I toachieat
value
- requires
work
>
3 tobigger
L If Wher tre : When achieve
efficiency value
reversible inriversible
-
--
↑
-
/ -
ENERGY BALANCE FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS
in
energy
s
_ state
W
DEp DEk , ,
DU --
energystoredinSistem energintrant -
7 > Q
Dut =
0 + w
example ;
D Du
& extensive properties 3 (depends on
quantity (
w w =U
7 tre tre
-
total volume Ut ,
=
mV or Ut =
nV
(increase in internal energy) -
total internal energy ut mU ,
=
or ut = nU
V
2) QQ =V [intensive properties] (independent on
quantity
Tee
(decrease in internalenergy
heath
-
-
specific
specific
or molar volume ,
or molar internal
energy , U
S/mol T
g
ESTATE FUNCTIONS] T
& S , Du , OH , P , T V A * need at least 2
,
thermodynamics
F
properties that be stored
>
-
can
to its initial values properties to find
>
-
do notdepend process pathway
on thermodynamics state *
>
-
change will results in finite differences
> and
-
W is not state function
>V
i W
Reversible Process - Irriversible Process -
·
ideal process (produce best result) calculation Step
minimum work input I find Wrer for reversible
process
·
maximum work output
represents a limit ② Multiply or Devide Wher with efficiency
work
- produce
>
27 7
If Wrer-re : Wrer x
efficiency I toachieat
value
- requires
work
>
3 tobigger
L If Wher tre : When achieve
efficiency value
reversible inriversible
