Tense
❖ Tense is the form of the verb which denotes the time of an action
and its degree of completeness .
❖ There are three types of Tense :
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
❖ Each tense is sub-divided into four parts :
1. Indefinite / Simple
2. Continuous / Progressive
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous
Present Indefinite Tense
❖ Simple – Subject + v1 + s / es + ob. + others .
➢ 'S / Es ‘ is used with singular noun or pronoun .
➢ ‘ Es' is used with the verbs which have the last letter ‘ Sh' ,
Ch , O , X , Z , ZZ , S ,SS etc.
▪ They go to school .
▪ He goes to school .
▪ She cooks food .
▪ I teach you English .
❖ Negative – Subject + do / does + not + v1 + ob. + others .
➢ ‘ Does ‘ is used with singular noun or pronoun .
➢ ‘ Do ‘ is used with plural noun or pronoun .
❖ Interrogative – Do / Does + subject + v1 + ob. + others ?
1
,❖ Interrogative Negative – Do / Does + subject + not + v1 + ob. +
others ?
❖ Wh. Word Sentence – Wh. Word + do / does + subject + v1 + ob.
+ others ?
❖ Uses of Present Indefinite Tense :
❖ To mention a habit or routine action :
Key words – Always , Often , Seldom , Sometimes , Generally ,
Usually , Frequently , Regularly , Occasionally , Repeatedly ,
Habitually , Hardly , Barely , Scarcely , Rarely , Daily ,
Everyday , Every week , Every month , Once a day , Twice a
week , Off and On , Day in and day out etc.
▪ Nisha often helps Kabir .
▪ Ravi always tells the truth .
▪ Monika meets him every day .
▪ Nitu usually tells her childhood stories .
▪ Shekhar always irritates everyone .
▪ He delivers newspapers in our street every
morning .
▪ They rarely attend the class.
▪ Mukesh goes to bed at 10 p.m.
▪ He takes tea without sugar .
▪ We work eight hours a day .
▪ I get up at 6 a.m. every morning .
❖ To mention Universal truth , Scientific and Mathematical theory :
▪ Sun rises in the East .
▪ The Sun sets in the West .
▪ The Stars shine in the Sky .
▪ The Earth moves round the Sun .
▪ The Moon revolves round the Earth .
▪ The Earth pulls everything downwards .
▪ A Magnet attracts opposite poles .
▪ A bisector divides an angle into equal parts .
▪ Everyone gets equal time .
▪ Nobody dies hungry .
2
, ▪ A triangle sums the angle of 180*
▪ Death comes to all .
▪ The Ganga springs from the Himalayas .
▪ Water boils at 100* C.
▪ Water freezes at 0* C.
❖ To mention ‘proverbs , saying and quotation :
▪ Slow and steady wins the race .
▪ Practice makes a man perfect .
▪ Fortune favours the brave .
▪ Time and tide waits for none .
▪ Action speaks louder than words .
▪ Every dog has its day .
▪ ‘Dilli Chalo ‘ says S.C.Bose
▪ Cowards die many times .
❖ To show ‘possession ‘ :
❖ Verbs showing possession – Own , Have , Belong , Possess ,
Consist , Contain , Comprise etc.
▪ This pen belongs to me .
▪ I have a car .
▪ Rohit has a horse .
▪ They own a big building .
▪ The jug contains milk .
❖ To express fixed programme in future :
▪ The college reopens in October .
▪ She leaves for Dehradun next week .
▪ The movie releases on 28th of August .
▪ The principal retires next month .
❖ In subordinate clause of future conditional sentence :
➢ If + subject + v1 + s /es + ob. , sub. + will / shall + v1 +
ob. + others .
3
, ▪ If I go to Agra , I shall visit the Taj .
▪ If you run fast , you will win the race .
▪ I shall teach her if she comes .
▪ We shall get wet if it rains .
▪ We shall go on a picnic provided that the weather
is fine .
❖ Exclamatory sentence started with ‘ Here and There ‘ :
▪ Here comes the bus !
▪ There goes the bus !
▪ Here teaches the most beautiful girl of your colony
!
▪ There goes another six !
❖ Mental activity expressing words :
Notice , Recognise , See , Hear , Smell , Appear , Look , Seem ,
Want , Wish , Desire , Feel , Like , Love , Hate , Hope , Refuse ,
Prefer , Think , Suppose , Believe , Agree , Consider , Trust ,
Forget , Remember , Know , Understand , Imagine , Mean ,
Mean , Mind etc.
▪ We believe in God .
▪ She trusts in him .
▪ I prefer milk to tea .
▪ He appears to be a prince .
▪ Rose smells sweet .
▪ A mango tastes sweet .
▪ We hope for the best result .
▪ A mother loves her child .
❖ Newspaper Headlines :
▪ Two murders escape .
❖ Match Commentary :
▪ Ganguli runs after the ball , catches it and throws it
on the stumps .
Sachin strikes the ball and off it goes across the boundary line .
4
❖ Tense is the form of the verb which denotes the time of an action
and its degree of completeness .
❖ There are three types of Tense :
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
❖ Each tense is sub-divided into four parts :
1. Indefinite / Simple
2. Continuous / Progressive
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous
Present Indefinite Tense
❖ Simple – Subject + v1 + s / es + ob. + others .
➢ 'S / Es ‘ is used with singular noun or pronoun .
➢ ‘ Es' is used with the verbs which have the last letter ‘ Sh' ,
Ch , O , X , Z , ZZ , S ,SS etc.
▪ They go to school .
▪ He goes to school .
▪ She cooks food .
▪ I teach you English .
❖ Negative – Subject + do / does + not + v1 + ob. + others .
➢ ‘ Does ‘ is used with singular noun or pronoun .
➢ ‘ Do ‘ is used with plural noun or pronoun .
❖ Interrogative – Do / Does + subject + v1 + ob. + others ?
1
,❖ Interrogative Negative – Do / Does + subject + not + v1 + ob. +
others ?
❖ Wh. Word Sentence – Wh. Word + do / does + subject + v1 + ob.
+ others ?
❖ Uses of Present Indefinite Tense :
❖ To mention a habit or routine action :
Key words – Always , Often , Seldom , Sometimes , Generally ,
Usually , Frequently , Regularly , Occasionally , Repeatedly ,
Habitually , Hardly , Barely , Scarcely , Rarely , Daily ,
Everyday , Every week , Every month , Once a day , Twice a
week , Off and On , Day in and day out etc.
▪ Nisha often helps Kabir .
▪ Ravi always tells the truth .
▪ Monika meets him every day .
▪ Nitu usually tells her childhood stories .
▪ Shekhar always irritates everyone .
▪ He delivers newspapers in our street every
morning .
▪ They rarely attend the class.
▪ Mukesh goes to bed at 10 p.m.
▪ He takes tea without sugar .
▪ We work eight hours a day .
▪ I get up at 6 a.m. every morning .
❖ To mention Universal truth , Scientific and Mathematical theory :
▪ Sun rises in the East .
▪ The Sun sets in the West .
▪ The Stars shine in the Sky .
▪ The Earth moves round the Sun .
▪ The Moon revolves round the Earth .
▪ The Earth pulls everything downwards .
▪ A Magnet attracts opposite poles .
▪ A bisector divides an angle into equal parts .
▪ Everyone gets equal time .
▪ Nobody dies hungry .
2
, ▪ A triangle sums the angle of 180*
▪ Death comes to all .
▪ The Ganga springs from the Himalayas .
▪ Water boils at 100* C.
▪ Water freezes at 0* C.
❖ To mention ‘proverbs , saying and quotation :
▪ Slow and steady wins the race .
▪ Practice makes a man perfect .
▪ Fortune favours the brave .
▪ Time and tide waits for none .
▪ Action speaks louder than words .
▪ Every dog has its day .
▪ ‘Dilli Chalo ‘ says S.C.Bose
▪ Cowards die many times .
❖ To show ‘possession ‘ :
❖ Verbs showing possession – Own , Have , Belong , Possess ,
Consist , Contain , Comprise etc.
▪ This pen belongs to me .
▪ I have a car .
▪ Rohit has a horse .
▪ They own a big building .
▪ The jug contains milk .
❖ To express fixed programme in future :
▪ The college reopens in October .
▪ She leaves for Dehradun next week .
▪ The movie releases on 28th of August .
▪ The principal retires next month .
❖ In subordinate clause of future conditional sentence :
➢ If + subject + v1 + s /es + ob. , sub. + will / shall + v1 +
ob. + others .
3
, ▪ If I go to Agra , I shall visit the Taj .
▪ If you run fast , you will win the race .
▪ I shall teach her if she comes .
▪ We shall get wet if it rains .
▪ We shall go on a picnic provided that the weather
is fine .
❖ Exclamatory sentence started with ‘ Here and There ‘ :
▪ Here comes the bus !
▪ There goes the bus !
▪ Here teaches the most beautiful girl of your colony
!
▪ There goes another six !
❖ Mental activity expressing words :
Notice , Recognise , See , Hear , Smell , Appear , Look , Seem ,
Want , Wish , Desire , Feel , Like , Love , Hate , Hope , Refuse ,
Prefer , Think , Suppose , Believe , Agree , Consider , Trust ,
Forget , Remember , Know , Understand , Imagine , Mean ,
Mean , Mind etc.
▪ We believe in God .
▪ She trusts in him .
▪ I prefer milk to tea .
▪ He appears to be a prince .
▪ Rose smells sweet .
▪ A mango tastes sweet .
▪ We hope for the best result .
▪ A mother loves her child .
❖ Newspaper Headlines :
▪ Two murders escape .
❖ Match Commentary :
▪ Ganguli runs after the ball , catches it and throws it
on the stumps .
Sachin strikes the ball and off it goes across the boundary line .
4
