Dnp 604 Exam One With Crrect Detailed
Answers
Nucelus - ANSWER- controls genetic information
Nucleoulus - ANSWER- RNA synthesis
Cytoplasm - ANSWER- main site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes - ANSWER- secreted from nucleus as site for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER- synthesis and transports proteins and lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER- contains ribosomes
Smooth ER - ANSWER- steroid hormones, removes toxins, communicates with golgi
complex
Golgi complex - ANSWER- packages proteins into vesicles
Lysosomes - ANSWER- intracellular digestion; removes toxic cellular components;
maintains pH; capable of autodigestion (autophagy)
Peroxisomes - ANSWER- site of oxygen utilizations, separates hydrogen from hydrogen
peroxide
Mitochondria - ANSWER- cellular respiration and energy production (ATP)
Cytokskeleton - ANSWER- microtubules and filaments
Centrioles - ANSWER- collection of microtubules that aid with replication by migrating to
opposite polls
Cellular metabolism - ANSWER- catabolism of macronutrients via digestion, glycolysis,
oxidation and Krebs cycle
Passive transport - ANSWER- diffusion, filtration (hydrostatic pressure), osmosis
Electrical impulse - ANSWER- resting membrane potential -> change reaches action
potential -> depolarization -> repolarization -> resting membrane potential
Hyperpolarized - ANSWER- more negative; requires more stimulus to reach threshold
, Hypopolarized - ANSWER- more positive; requires a smaller stimulus
Mitosis - ANSWER- Interphase (longest), PMAT
Four types of tissue - ANSWER- epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial tissue - ANSWER- protects, absorb, secrete and excrete
Types of epithelial tissue - ANSWER- (forms) simple, stratified, pseudostratified,
(shapes) squamos, cuboidal, columnar
Connective tissue - ANSWER- framework for epithelial cells to form organs; binds
tissues to support them and store nutrients; most abundant
Types of atrophy - ANSWER- physiological (thymus), pathological, disuse
Types of hypertrophy - ANSWER- physiological (weight lifting), and pathologic
(cardiomegaly)
Hyperplasia - ANSWER- increase in number of cells and/or increase in rate of cell
division
Types of hyperplasia - ANSWER- compensatory (wound healing), hormonal (uterus,
breasts) and pathologic (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
Metaplasia - ANSWER- replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type
(less differentiated)
Metaplasia pathophysiology - ANSWER- change occurs from response to signal during
replication, not a change in phenotype
Dysplasia - ANSWER- abnormal change to size, shape and organization of cells; not
necessarily cancer
Most common cause of cell injury - ANSWER- hypoxia
Causes of hypoxia - ANSWER- decrease in oxygen in the environment, cardiovascular
or respiratory disease, altered function or reduced Hg, decrease in RBC, or ischemia
(most common)
Ischemia - ANSWER- reduced blood supply from narrowing or sudden obstruction
Cellular injury - ANSWER- prolonged hypoxia -> anaerobic metabolism -> swelling of
cell -> K+ moves out, Ca in -> vacuoles form -> damage -> cell death
Answers
Nucelus - ANSWER- controls genetic information
Nucleoulus - ANSWER- RNA synthesis
Cytoplasm - ANSWER- main site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes - ANSWER- secreted from nucleus as site for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER- synthesis and transports proteins and lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER- contains ribosomes
Smooth ER - ANSWER- steroid hormones, removes toxins, communicates with golgi
complex
Golgi complex - ANSWER- packages proteins into vesicles
Lysosomes - ANSWER- intracellular digestion; removes toxic cellular components;
maintains pH; capable of autodigestion (autophagy)
Peroxisomes - ANSWER- site of oxygen utilizations, separates hydrogen from hydrogen
peroxide
Mitochondria - ANSWER- cellular respiration and energy production (ATP)
Cytokskeleton - ANSWER- microtubules and filaments
Centrioles - ANSWER- collection of microtubules that aid with replication by migrating to
opposite polls
Cellular metabolism - ANSWER- catabolism of macronutrients via digestion, glycolysis,
oxidation and Krebs cycle
Passive transport - ANSWER- diffusion, filtration (hydrostatic pressure), osmosis
Electrical impulse - ANSWER- resting membrane potential -> change reaches action
potential -> depolarization -> repolarization -> resting membrane potential
Hyperpolarized - ANSWER- more negative; requires more stimulus to reach threshold
, Hypopolarized - ANSWER- more positive; requires a smaller stimulus
Mitosis - ANSWER- Interphase (longest), PMAT
Four types of tissue - ANSWER- epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial tissue - ANSWER- protects, absorb, secrete and excrete
Types of epithelial tissue - ANSWER- (forms) simple, stratified, pseudostratified,
(shapes) squamos, cuboidal, columnar
Connective tissue - ANSWER- framework for epithelial cells to form organs; binds
tissues to support them and store nutrients; most abundant
Types of atrophy - ANSWER- physiological (thymus), pathological, disuse
Types of hypertrophy - ANSWER- physiological (weight lifting), and pathologic
(cardiomegaly)
Hyperplasia - ANSWER- increase in number of cells and/or increase in rate of cell
division
Types of hyperplasia - ANSWER- compensatory (wound healing), hormonal (uterus,
breasts) and pathologic (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
Metaplasia - ANSWER- replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type
(less differentiated)
Metaplasia pathophysiology - ANSWER- change occurs from response to signal during
replication, not a change in phenotype
Dysplasia - ANSWER- abnormal change to size, shape and organization of cells; not
necessarily cancer
Most common cause of cell injury - ANSWER- hypoxia
Causes of hypoxia - ANSWER- decrease in oxygen in the environment, cardiovascular
or respiratory disease, altered function or reduced Hg, decrease in RBC, or ischemia
(most common)
Ischemia - ANSWER- reduced blood supply from narrowing or sudden obstruction
Cellular injury - ANSWER- prolonged hypoxia -> anaerobic metabolism -> swelling of
cell -> K+ moves out, Ca in -> vacuoles form -> damage -> cell death
