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AL3391 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
UNIT I
Introduction to AI:
What is Artificial Intelligence?
In today's world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new
technologies day by day.
Here, one of the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which is
ready to create a new revolution in the world by making intelligent machines.The Artificial
Intelligence is now all around us. It is currently working with a variety of subfields, ranging from
general to specific, such as self-driving cars, playing chess, proving theorems, playing music,
Painting, etc.
AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of Computer science which has a great scope in
Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-made
thinking power."
So, we can define AI as:
"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can
behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."
Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems
With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do some work, despite
that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own
intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI.
It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per Greek myth,
there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and behave like humans.
Why Artificial Intelligence?
Before Learning about Artificial Intelligence, we should know that what is the importance of AI
and why should we learn it. Following are some main reasons to learn about AI:
o With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve real-world
problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing, traffic issues,
etc.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
o With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana,
Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
o With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment where
survival of humans can be at risk.
o AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new Opportunities.
Goals of Artificial Intelligence
Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Replicate human intelligence
2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
3. An intelligent connection of perception and action
4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as:
o Proving a theorem
o Playing chess
o Plan some surgical operation
o Driving a car in traffic
5. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself,
demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires lots of
other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first we should know that how
intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a
combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language understanding,
etc.
To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the
following discipline:
o Mathematics
o Biology
o Psychology
o Sociology
o Computer Science
o Neurons Study
o Statistics
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
o High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and
high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
o High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of
that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
o High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.
o Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
o Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as
AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as
per customer requirement.
o Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving
car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security
purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-
language, etc.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
Every technology has some disadvantages, and thesame goes for Artificial intelligence. Being so
advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our mind
while creating an AI system. Following are the disadvantages of AI:
o High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots
of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
o Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they
cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained,
or programmed.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
o No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does
not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and
may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
o Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are
getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.
o No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but
still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and
imaginative.
Prerequisite
Before learning about Artificial Intelligence, you must have the fundamental knowledge of
following so that you can understand the concepts easily:
o Any computer language such as C, C++, Java, Python, etc.(knowledge of Python will be
an advantage)
o Knowledge of essential Mathematics such as derivatives, probability theory, etc.
Future of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Health Care Industries
India is 17.7% of the worlds’ population that makes it the second-largest country in terms of
China’s population. Health care facilities are not available to all individuals living in the country.
It is because of the lack of good doctors, not having good infrastructure, etc. Still, there are
people who couldn’t reach to doctors/ hospitals. AI has the ability to provide the facility to detect
disease based on symptoms; even if you don’t go to the doctor, AI would read the data from
Fitness band/medical history of an individual to analyze the pattern and suggest proper
medication and even deliver it on one’s fingertips just through cell-phone.
As mentioned earlier Google’s deep mind has already beaten doctors in detecting fatal diseases
like breast cancer. It’s not far away when AI will be detecting common disease as well as
providing proper suggestions for medication. The consequences of this could be: no need for
doctors in the long term result in JOB reduction.
2. AI in Education
The development of a country depends on the quality of education youth is getting. Right now,
we can see there are lots of courses are available on AI. But in the future AI is going to transform
the classical way of education. Now the world doesn’t need skilled labourers for manufacturing
industries, which is mostly replaced by robots and automation. The education system could be
quite effective and can be according to the individual’s personality and ability. It would give
chance brighter students to shine and to imbecile a better way to cop up.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
AL3391 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
UNIT I
Introduction to AI:
What is Artificial Intelligence?
In today's world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new
technologies day by day.
Here, one of the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which is
ready to create a new revolution in the world by making intelligent machines.The Artificial
Intelligence is now all around us. It is currently working with a variety of subfields, ranging from
general to specific, such as self-driving cars, playing chess, proving theorems, playing music,
Painting, etc.
AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of Computer science which has a great scope in
Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-made
thinking power."
So, we can define AI as:
"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can
behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."
Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems
With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do some work, despite
that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own
intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI.
It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per Greek myth,
there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and behave like humans.
Why Artificial Intelligence?
Before Learning about Artificial Intelligence, we should know that what is the importance of AI
and why should we learn it. Following are some main reasons to learn about AI:
o With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve real-world
problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing, traffic issues,
etc.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
o With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana,
Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
o With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment where
survival of humans can be at risk.
o AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new Opportunities.
Goals of Artificial Intelligence
Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Replicate human intelligence
2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
3. An intelligent connection of perception and action
4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as:
o Proving a theorem
o Playing chess
o Plan some surgical operation
o Driving a car in traffic
5. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself,
demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires lots of
other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first we should know that how
intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a
combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language understanding,
etc.
To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the
following discipline:
o Mathematics
o Biology
o Psychology
o Sociology
o Computer Science
o Neurons Study
o Statistics
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
o High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and
high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
o High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of
that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
o High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.
o Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
o Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as
AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as
per customer requirement.
o Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving
car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security
purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-
language, etc.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
Every technology has some disadvantages, and thesame goes for Artificial intelligence. Being so
advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our mind
while creating an AI system. Following are the disadvantages of AI:
o High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots
of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
o Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they
cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained,
or programmed.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
, EnggTree.com
o No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does
not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and
may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
o Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are
getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.
o No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but
still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and
imaginative.
Prerequisite
Before learning about Artificial Intelligence, you must have the fundamental knowledge of
following so that you can understand the concepts easily:
o Any computer language such as C, C++, Java, Python, etc.(knowledge of Python will be
an advantage)
o Knowledge of essential Mathematics such as derivatives, probability theory, etc.
Future of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Health Care Industries
India is 17.7% of the worlds’ population that makes it the second-largest country in terms of
China’s population. Health care facilities are not available to all individuals living in the country.
It is because of the lack of good doctors, not having good infrastructure, etc. Still, there are
people who couldn’t reach to doctors/ hospitals. AI has the ability to provide the facility to detect
disease based on symptoms; even if you don’t go to the doctor, AI would read the data from
Fitness band/medical history of an individual to analyze the pattern and suggest proper
medication and even deliver it on one’s fingertips just through cell-phone.
As mentioned earlier Google’s deep mind has already beaten doctors in detecting fatal diseases
like breast cancer. It’s not far away when AI will be detecting common disease as well as
providing proper suggestions for medication. The consequences of this could be: no need for
doctors in the long term result in JOB reduction.
2. AI in Education
The development of a country depends on the quality of education youth is getting. Right now,
we can see there are lots of courses are available on AI. But in the future AI is going to transform
the classical way of education. Now the world doesn’t need skilled labourers for manufacturing
industries, which is mostly replaced by robots and automation. The education system could be
quite effective and can be according to the individual’s personality and ability. It would give
chance brighter students to shine and to imbecile a better way to cop up.
Downloaded from EnggTree.com
