Oral Diagnosis Study Guide: Exam #2
1. The key that unlocks the cell receptor to allow glucose into the cell for energy?: Insulin
2. A metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or reduction
of insulin effectiveness: Diabetes
3. ***Most frequent cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations?: Diabetes
4. Buildup of ketones in the blood due to breakdown of stored fats for energy is known as?: Diabetic
keto acidosis (DKA)
5. ***What is a complication of diabetes mellitus? This diagnosis if left untreat- ed can cause coma or
death: diabetic keto acidosis
6. ***Microvascular complications of diabetes: retinopathy, nephropathy, neu- ropathy
7. ***Macrovasdcular complications of diabetes: Atherosclerosis, stroke, and lower-limb
amputation
8. Dyslipidemia: A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein over- production or
deficiency
9. *** acts as an insulin antagonist: Cortisol
10.***Hyperpituitarism: Excess production of anterior pituitary hormones (espe- cially growth
hormone), may result in gigantism or acromegaly
11.***Hyperthyroidism: Increased metabolism; can cause insulin to be processed and eliminated
from the body more quickly than normal
12.Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): Condition in which the blood glucose levels are higher than
normal but are not high enough to diagnose diabetes
- 140-199 mg/dl 2 hours after the start of an oral glucose tolerance test
13. is a stimulus for insulin secretion: Glucose
14.***T/F: The CNS and renal cortex can utilize glucose from the blood without insulin: True
15.Four primary actions of insulin:: 1. transfer glucose from blood to insulin dependent
tissues
2. stimulate transfer of amino acids
3. stimulate triglyceride synthesis
4. inhibit breakdown of triglycerides for mobilization of fatty acids
16.Glucose is stored in the as glycogen: liver
17.Type 1 Diabetes: insulin deficiency
- an autoimmune disease where the body destroys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas
18.Type 2 Diabetes: insulin resistance
- insulin resistance due to cell receptor defect
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, Oral Diagnosis Study Guide: Exam #2
19.***Signs and symptoms of diabetes: 3 P's: Polydipsia (increased thirst Polyphagia
(increased hunger)
Polyuria (increased urination)
20.Treatment of Diabetes: Islet translatation
21.***Islet Transplantation: Moving the islets (groups of cells that make glucagon and insulin)
from a donor into a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin
22.Common treatments for Type 1:: Insulin injections Insulin
pump
Diet and exercise
23.Common treatments for Type 2:: Oral hypoglycemic medication Insulin
Diet and exercise
24.Gestational Diabetes: a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies
- most often in the 2nd and 3rd trimester
25.T/F: Insulin does cross the placenta: False
- placenta does not cross the placenta
26.***Macrosomia: fat baby
- low blood glucose levels at birth
- increased risk for obesity
27.***Secondary conditions that can develop from diabetes:: pancreatic dis- ease
hormonal disease
drug or chemical induced diabetes
28.Impaired fasting glucose level: 100-125 mg/dl
29.Impaired glucose tolerance: 140-199 mg/dL
30.***Normal fasting blood glucose level: 70-100 mg/dL
31.***Do not treat patient if blood glucose level is less than:: 200 mg/dl
32.***Fasting blood glucose level: 207-229 mg/dl
33.Oral complications of diabetes: Xerostomia
34.***Standard laboratory test for diabetes:: HbA1c
35.***HbA1c for no diabetes: less than 5.7%
36.***HbA1c for prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
37.***HbA1c for high risk: 6.5%
38.***HbA1c for optimal diabetic control: greater than 7%
39.***Most common clinical complaints of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes-
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1. The key that unlocks the cell receptor to allow glucose into the cell for energy?: Insulin
2. A metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or reduction
of insulin effectiveness: Diabetes
3. ***Most frequent cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations?: Diabetes
4. Buildup of ketones in the blood due to breakdown of stored fats for energy is known as?: Diabetic
keto acidosis (DKA)
5. ***What is a complication of diabetes mellitus? This diagnosis if left untreat- ed can cause coma or
death: diabetic keto acidosis
6. ***Microvascular complications of diabetes: retinopathy, nephropathy, neu- ropathy
7. ***Macrovasdcular complications of diabetes: Atherosclerosis, stroke, and lower-limb
amputation
8. Dyslipidemia: A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein over- production or
deficiency
9. *** acts as an insulin antagonist: Cortisol
10.***Hyperpituitarism: Excess production of anterior pituitary hormones (espe- cially growth
hormone), may result in gigantism or acromegaly
11.***Hyperthyroidism: Increased metabolism; can cause insulin to be processed and eliminated
from the body more quickly than normal
12.Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): Condition in which the blood glucose levels are higher than
normal but are not high enough to diagnose diabetes
- 140-199 mg/dl 2 hours after the start of an oral glucose tolerance test
13. is a stimulus for insulin secretion: Glucose
14.***T/F: The CNS and renal cortex can utilize glucose from the blood without insulin: True
15.Four primary actions of insulin:: 1. transfer glucose from blood to insulin dependent
tissues
2. stimulate transfer of amino acids
3. stimulate triglyceride synthesis
4. inhibit breakdown of triglycerides for mobilization of fatty acids
16.Glucose is stored in the as glycogen: liver
17.Type 1 Diabetes: insulin deficiency
- an autoimmune disease where the body destroys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas
18.Type 2 Diabetes: insulin resistance
- insulin resistance due to cell receptor defect
1/
7
, Oral Diagnosis Study Guide: Exam #2
19.***Signs and symptoms of diabetes: 3 P's: Polydipsia (increased thirst Polyphagia
(increased hunger)
Polyuria (increased urination)
20.Treatment of Diabetes: Islet translatation
21.***Islet Transplantation: Moving the islets (groups of cells that make glucagon and insulin)
from a donor into a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin
22.Common treatments for Type 1:: Insulin injections Insulin
pump
Diet and exercise
23.Common treatments for Type 2:: Oral hypoglycemic medication Insulin
Diet and exercise
24.Gestational Diabetes: a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies
- most often in the 2nd and 3rd trimester
25.T/F: Insulin does cross the placenta: False
- placenta does not cross the placenta
26.***Macrosomia: fat baby
- low blood glucose levels at birth
- increased risk for obesity
27.***Secondary conditions that can develop from diabetes:: pancreatic dis- ease
hormonal disease
drug or chemical induced diabetes
28.Impaired fasting glucose level: 100-125 mg/dl
29.Impaired glucose tolerance: 140-199 mg/dL
30.***Normal fasting blood glucose level: 70-100 mg/dL
31.***Do not treat patient if blood glucose level is less than:: 200 mg/dl
32.***Fasting blood glucose level: 207-229 mg/dl
33.Oral complications of diabetes: Xerostomia
34.***Standard laboratory test for diabetes:: HbA1c
35.***HbA1c for no diabetes: less than 5.7%
36.***HbA1c for prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
37.***HbA1c for high risk: 6.5%
38.***HbA1c for optimal diabetic control: greater than 7%
39.***Most common clinical complaints of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes-
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