Summary The Organisation and Specialisation of Cells

6.4 The Organisation and
Specialisation of Cells
First review @November 13, 2023

Practise Q's Done


Levels of organisation in multicellular organisms
specialised cells —> tissues —> organs —> organ systems —> whole organism

specialised cells

different cells within multicellular organisms are specialised/ differentiated to carry
out a specific function

examples of specialised animal cells:

erythrocytes— biconcave, no nucleus

this allows the cell to carry more oxygen and have more haemoglobin present




neutrophils— multi-lobed nucleus, granular cytoplasm with lysosomes

able to squeeze through small spaces, lysosomes contain enzymes that break down
pathogens




6.4 The Organisation and Specialisation of Cells 1

, sperm cell— tail/ flagellum, many mitochondria, acrosome containing digestive
enzymes

movement, supply energy for movement, breaks down protective layer around egg
cell




examples of specialised plant cells:

palisade cells— chloroplasts, rectangular box shapes, thin cell walls

traps sunlight for photosynthesis, can be closely packed to form a layer, increases
rate of diffusion of CO2 into cell




6.4 The Organisation and Specialisation of Cells 2