Atomic structure and the
Periodic Table
atoms:The Building blocks
of matter
All substances are made of tiny particles of
matter called atoms which are the building
blocks of matter.
Each atom is made of subatomic particles calles
protons,neutrons and electrons
The protons and neutrons are located at the
centre of the atom,which is called nucleas.
the electrons move very fast around the nucleas
in orbital paths called shells.
The mass of the electron is negligible,hence the
mass of an atom is contained with the nucleas
where the protons and neutrons are located
The structure of a carbon atom
,The atom contains protons,neutrons and electrons.
Chemical symbols
Chemical symbols
An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same
number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler.
So, if you had 500g of pure carbon and divided it into 500 x 1g piles,
each pile would contain the same substance and would not differ
, from any other pile.
There is a limited number of elements, and all elements are found
on the Periodic Table e.g., hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen.
The most recent Periodic Tables commonly contain around 103
elements although some go up to 118 elements
Each element is represented by its own unique symbol as seen on
the Periodic Table e.g., N stands for nitrogen and for nitrogen only.
Where a symbol contains two letters, the first one is always written
in uppercase letters and the other in lowercase e.g., sodium is Na,
not NA.
The following elements must be written as molecules as they exist
in nature as two atoms joined together: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and
I2.
The atomic number and mass number also shown on the periodic
table
The symbol key for carbon
Symbol key for carbon
C is the symbol for carbon and 12 is the mass number and 6 is the
atomic number
The Periodic Table
Periodic Table
atoms:The Building blocks
of matter
All substances are made of tiny particles of
matter called atoms which are the building
blocks of matter.
Each atom is made of subatomic particles calles
protons,neutrons and electrons
The protons and neutrons are located at the
centre of the atom,which is called nucleas.
the electrons move very fast around the nucleas
in orbital paths called shells.
The mass of the electron is negligible,hence the
mass of an atom is contained with the nucleas
where the protons and neutrons are located
The structure of a carbon atom
,The atom contains protons,neutrons and electrons.
Chemical symbols
Chemical symbols
An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same
number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler.
So, if you had 500g of pure carbon and divided it into 500 x 1g piles,
each pile would contain the same substance and would not differ
, from any other pile.
There is a limited number of elements, and all elements are found
on the Periodic Table e.g., hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen.
The most recent Periodic Tables commonly contain around 103
elements although some go up to 118 elements
Each element is represented by its own unique symbol as seen on
the Periodic Table e.g., N stands for nitrogen and for nitrogen only.
Where a symbol contains two letters, the first one is always written
in uppercase letters and the other in lowercase e.g., sodium is Na,
not NA.
The following elements must be written as molecules as they exist
in nature as two atoms joined together: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and
I2.
The atomic number and mass number also shown on the periodic
table
The symbol key for carbon
Symbol key for carbon
C is the symbol for carbon and 12 is the mass number and 6 is the
atomic number
The Periodic Table
