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Mughal Dynasty
🎩Babur(1526-1530):
❖ Birth:Babur was born on14th feb,1483in Andijan,Ferghana valley.
❖ Real Name:Zahiruddin muhammad Babur.
➢Babur meansTigerorPantherin Turki.
● He was a descendent ofTimur Lamefromhis father'ssideand ofGenghis
Khanfrom hismother's side.
● His family belongs to Chagatai Turk. People of this race were called
“Mughals”.
● 1494:At the age of11, he became the ruler of Farghana(Atpresent Chinese
Turkestan) succeeding his father Umar shaikh Mirza.
● 1504:He conquered kabul.
● 1507:He adopted the Title “Padshah”.
● He undertook4expeditions to India in order to conquerit between 1519 &
1523.
❖
Capital:Agra.
● He had 4 sons— Humayun, Kamran, Askari and Hindal.
● Thegenerosityof Babur to distribute Gems, Gold,or Silver towards their
people in Kabul and their subjects gave him the Title “Qalandar”.
● He announced himself as “Emperor of India”.
● 1530:Baburdieddue toover drinkingin agra andwas buried in Arambagh
against his wish. Later on, He was transferred to “Bagh e Babur”(Kabul) by
his widow in 1544.
❖ Contemporary:Guru Nanak.
, 70
🐶
W ar and Invasions:(Pani piyaKhana khayaChal diyaGhar apne)
🍁
B attle of Panipat(1526):
➬Daulat Khan Lodi(Governor of Punjab),Alam Khan(Uncleof Ibrahim Lodi)
andRana SangaOf Mewar invited Babur to invade India.
➬Ibrahim lodi was defeated and killed in the battlefield by Babur.
➬This battle marked the Mughal Dominion in India.
➬For thefirst timein the Indian SubcontinentGunpowder,Artilleriesand
Firearmswere used.
🍁
B attle of Khanwa(1527):
➬Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar was defeated by Babur.
➬After winning this battle Babur took the Title of “Ghazi”.
🍁
B attle of Chanderi(1528):
➬Rajput king Medini Roy was defeated by Babur.
➬After this battle every woman and child committed “Jauhar”.
🍁
B attle of Ghaggara(1529):
➬In this battle Babur defeated the alliance of Mahmud Lodi(Younger son of
Sikandar Lodi) and Nusrat Shah of Hussainshahi Dynasty of Bengal.
➬This was the first battle of Medieval India which was fought on both Land
and Water.
● After the Kushans, Babur was the first to have brought Kabul & Gandhar
into the Indian Empire.
● He adopted “Tughluma”, “Rumi” and “Flanking PartySystem” in war.
⇝Whole army was divided into Left, Right and Centre units.
⇝Canons protected and supported by Mantelets were placed behind them.
🐶
L iterary works:
● He compiled two anthologies of poems—
1. Diwan(In Turki).
2. Mubaiyan(In Persian).
● Risal i Usaz(Letters of Babur):Written by Masnavi.
❖ Autobiography:Tuzuk i Baburi(InChagatai Turklanguage).
⇝In his autobiography Babur wrote– “The people of Hindustan have no
good look”.
⇝Abdul Rahim Khan i Khanatranslatedit intoPersiannamed“B
abur Nama”.
⇝Madam Annette Beveridgetranslated intoEnglish.
🐶
C onstruction Works:He was called “Prince of Gardens”.
1. Babur brought “Char bagh” style of Garden in India.
2. Avenue Garden in Kabul which became his Tomb.
3. Kabuli Bagh Mosque in Panipat.
4. Shahi Jama Masjid in Sambhal in 1528 byMir HinduBeg.
5. Babri Masjidin 1528-29 by Mir Baqi.
, 71
🎩Humayun(1530-40 & 1555-56):
❖ Real Name:Nasiruddin Baig Muhammad Khan Humayun.
➢Humayan meansFortunateorLucky.
❖ Epithet:“Problem Child of the Mughal Empire”, “Insani Kamil”(Perfect Man).
❖ Biography:“Humayun Nama” written by his sister GulbadanBegum.
● 1533:Established a new city “Din Panah” on the bankof Yamuna.
● 1541:He married Hamida Banu Begum.
● 1556:Hedied while climbing down the stairsof hisLibrary.
❖ Humayun's Tomb:It was built by his wife Bega begum(Hajibegum) at Delhi.
➢Architect:Mirak Mirza Giyas and Sayyid Muhammad(Persian).
➢It was built with Red sandstone.
➢It is placed in the centre of a large
garden and resembles as a
prototype of the Taj Mahal.
➢In 1993 the Tomb was declared a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
🐶
W ar and Battles:
🍁
B attle of Chausa(1539):
➬Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah.
➬After this battle Sher Khan took the
title of “Shah”.
➬After the defeat, Humayun was
compelled to cross Gangaby water carrier.
🍁
B attle of Kannauj(1540):
➬Humayun was again defeated by Sher Shah Suri at Kannauj(Bilgram).
➬After the defeat Humayun had no option but to flee India, taking refuge of
Shah Thamasp I, the Shah of Persia.
🍁
B attle of Sirhind(1555):
➬Humayun defeated Sikandar Suri and Captured Sirhind. Later he gained
control over Delhi and Agra after 15 years of exile.
➬To regain power,Bairam Khanhelped him and that'swhy Humayun gave
him the title of “Khan i Khana”.
🐶
C onstruction Works:
1. Purana Qila:It was built under Humayun and Sher ShahSuri at Delhi.
2. Gyarah Sidi:An 11 stepped Observatory in Agra.
3. Kachhpura Mosque.
Mughal Dynasty
🎩Babur(1526-1530):
❖ Birth:Babur was born on14th feb,1483in Andijan,Ferghana valley.
❖ Real Name:Zahiruddin muhammad Babur.
➢Babur meansTigerorPantherin Turki.
● He was a descendent ofTimur Lamefromhis father'ssideand ofGenghis
Khanfrom hismother's side.
● His family belongs to Chagatai Turk. People of this race were called
“Mughals”.
● 1494:At the age of11, he became the ruler of Farghana(Atpresent Chinese
Turkestan) succeeding his father Umar shaikh Mirza.
● 1504:He conquered kabul.
● 1507:He adopted the Title “Padshah”.
● He undertook4expeditions to India in order to conquerit between 1519 &
1523.
❖
Capital:Agra.
● He had 4 sons— Humayun, Kamran, Askari and Hindal.
● Thegenerosityof Babur to distribute Gems, Gold,or Silver towards their
people in Kabul and their subjects gave him the Title “Qalandar”.
● He announced himself as “Emperor of India”.
● 1530:Baburdieddue toover drinkingin agra andwas buried in Arambagh
against his wish. Later on, He was transferred to “Bagh e Babur”(Kabul) by
his widow in 1544.
❖ Contemporary:Guru Nanak.
, 70
🐶
W ar and Invasions:(Pani piyaKhana khayaChal diyaGhar apne)
🍁
B attle of Panipat(1526):
➬Daulat Khan Lodi(Governor of Punjab),Alam Khan(Uncleof Ibrahim Lodi)
andRana SangaOf Mewar invited Babur to invade India.
➬Ibrahim lodi was defeated and killed in the battlefield by Babur.
➬This battle marked the Mughal Dominion in India.
➬For thefirst timein the Indian SubcontinentGunpowder,Artilleriesand
Firearmswere used.
🍁
B attle of Khanwa(1527):
➬Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar was defeated by Babur.
➬After winning this battle Babur took the Title of “Ghazi”.
🍁
B attle of Chanderi(1528):
➬Rajput king Medini Roy was defeated by Babur.
➬After this battle every woman and child committed “Jauhar”.
🍁
B attle of Ghaggara(1529):
➬In this battle Babur defeated the alliance of Mahmud Lodi(Younger son of
Sikandar Lodi) and Nusrat Shah of Hussainshahi Dynasty of Bengal.
➬This was the first battle of Medieval India which was fought on both Land
and Water.
● After the Kushans, Babur was the first to have brought Kabul & Gandhar
into the Indian Empire.
● He adopted “Tughluma”, “Rumi” and “Flanking PartySystem” in war.
⇝Whole army was divided into Left, Right and Centre units.
⇝Canons protected and supported by Mantelets were placed behind them.
🐶
L iterary works:
● He compiled two anthologies of poems—
1. Diwan(In Turki).
2. Mubaiyan(In Persian).
● Risal i Usaz(Letters of Babur):Written by Masnavi.
❖ Autobiography:Tuzuk i Baburi(InChagatai Turklanguage).
⇝In his autobiography Babur wrote– “The people of Hindustan have no
good look”.
⇝Abdul Rahim Khan i Khanatranslatedit intoPersiannamed“B
abur Nama”.
⇝Madam Annette Beveridgetranslated intoEnglish.
🐶
C onstruction Works:He was called “Prince of Gardens”.
1. Babur brought “Char bagh” style of Garden in India.
2. Avenue Garden in Kabul which became his Tomb.
3. Kabuli Bagh Mosque in Panipat.
4. Shahi Jama Masjid in Sambhal in 1528 byMir HinduBeg.
5. Babri Masjidin 1528-29 by Mir Baqi.
, 71
🎩Humayun(1530-40 & 1555-56):
❖ Real Name:Nasiruddin Baig Muhammad Khan Humayun.
➢Humayan meansFortunateorLucky.
❖ Epithet:“Problem Child of the Mughal Empire”, “Insani Kamil”(Perfect Man).
❖ Biography:“Humayun Nama” written by his sister GulbadanBegum.
● 1533:Established a new city “Din Panah” on the bankof Yamuna.
● 1541:He married Hamida Banu Begum.
● 1556:Hedied while climbing down the stairsof hisLibrary.
❖ Humayun's Tomb:It was built by his wife Bega begum(Hajibegum) at Delhi.
➢Architect:Mirak Mirza Giyas and Sayyid Muhammad(Persian).
➢It was built with Red sandstone.
➢It is placed in the centre of a large
garden and resembles as a
prototype of the Taj Mahal.
➢In 1993 the Tomb was declared a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
🐶
W ar and Battles:
🍁
B attle of Chausa(1539):
➬Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah.
➬After this battle Sher Khan took the
title of “Shah”.
➬After the defeat, Humayun was
compelled to cross Gangaby water carrier.
🍁
B attle of Kannauj(1540):
➬Humayun was again defeated by Sher Shah Suri at Kannauj(Bilgram).
➬After the defeat Humayun had no option but to flee India, taking refuge of
Shah Thamasp I, the Shah of Persia.
🍁
B attle of Sirhind(1555):
➬Humayun defeated Sikandar Suri and Captured Sirhind. Later he gained
control over Delhi and Agra after 15 years of exile.
➬To regain power,Bairam Khanhelped him and that'swhy Humayun gave
him the title of “Khan i Khana”.
🐶
C onstruction Works:
1. Purana Qila:It was built under Humayun and Sher ShahSuri at Delhi.
2. Gyarah Sidi:An 11 stepped Observatory in Agra.
3. Kachhpura Mosque.
