VTNE Review Final Study Exam Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT usually part of the patient data-gathering phase in the nursing process? A. Gathering the initial medical history from the owner B. Reviewing the medical record for past history C. Performing a physical examination D. Identifying and prioritizing to generate a technician evaluation - Identifying and prioritizing to generate a technician evaluation Your new job is in an animal health research center that specializes in ____, which is the study of the causation or origins of diseases. A. Pathogenesis B. Pathology C. Etiology D. Mucopurulent - Etiology A patient exhibits ____, which means the patient is coughing up blood -- a symptom seen with heartworm disease. - Hemoptysis You discover that your patient is unable to breathe unless the patient is upright, a sign referred to as: - Orthopnea You are treating a dog who is suffering malabsorption, eating constantly yet losing weight. He has chronic diarrhea that is pale, fatty, and voluminous. He is diagnosed with EPI, which is: - caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzyme Addison's disease, or ____, primarily affects dogs and is characterized by ____. - hypoadrenocorticism; inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids, primarily cortisol and aldosterone Cushing syndrome, or ____, primarily affects dogs and is characterized by ____. - hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol (hypercortisolemia) produced by the adrenal cortex Sarcomas can arise from ____, whereas carcinomas can arise from ___. - cartilage; lymph nodes The position of a recumbent horse should be changed every ____ hours to help prevent the formation of decubital ulcers. - 6 hours Which of the following bacteria is most likely associated with the gangrenous from of mastitis in sheep and goats? - Staphylococcus aureus The pH of normal horse urine is: - Alkaline (pH 7-9) All horses in the United States should be vaccinated against: - Eastern and Western equine and West Nile encephalomyelitis Vaginal examination in a late-term mare is NOT recommended unless: - Delivery is imminent You have been directed to take a radiograph of the abdomen of a sick puppy, along with that of one of his healthy littermates. You know that for a successful image, you will need to use ____-detail intensifying screens and ____-emulsion film. - high; single As the neonate begins to take up food, this increases its: - metabolic rate An owner has been keeping his cat's newborn kittens warm with extra bedding. At what age do puppies and kittens have a temperature that is similar to an adult's temperature? - 6 weeks You are examining a litter of neonatal puppies when you notice that one puppy has irregularities, including a hairless lump and other uneven patches of hair over his dorsum. You bring this to the attention of the veterinarian because this puppy needs to be assessed for the possible presence of: - Spina bifida _____ ____ ____, a bacterial infection that is treated with antimicrobials and lavage, is a sequela to strangles of lymph node abscesses. - Guttural Pouch Empyema _____ _____ is the most common relevant arrhythmia in horses. Clinical signs: poor performance, shortness of breath, easily exhausted, coughing, discharge from nose, sometimes asymptomatic. - Atrial Fibrillation _____ are nocturnal spinal animals that are maintained much like rodents; however, they are not rodents and eat an insectivore-omnivore diet. - Hedgehogs What drug will NOT cause nephrotoxicity? A. Aminoglycosides B. Banamine (Flunixin Meglumine) C. Cisplatin (Platinol) D. Oxymorphone - Oxymorphone Combined immunodeficiency is most commonly seen in what animal? - Arabian horses Soda lime granules in the CO2 absorber canister should be checked for color change: - During and upon completing the procedure A 20-kg dog with a PCV of 40% has 300ml of blood collected. The red blood cells are separated from the serum. What volume of saline would you ad to the red cells to make a PCV of 50%? A. 360 ml B. 240 ml C. 180 ml D. 120 ml - D. Multiple 300 ml and 40/100 (40%) Which equals 120 ml. 120 ml divided by 0.5 (50%) equals 240 ml. 240ml - 120 ml cells = 120 mls of saline. The cancerous condition of an overproduction of white blood cells is: A. Leukemia B. Leukocytosis C. Leukocyte D. Leukopenia - Leukemia Which of these is a cyclohexamine agent? A. Ketamine B. Acetylpromazine C. Xylazine D. Propofol - Ketamine What large cell with multiple separate nuclei is found in bone marrow? - Osteoclast Severe stomatitis is a clinical sign commonly associated with which feline disorder? - Feline immunodeficiency virus Outside of the brain and spinal cord, nerve cell bodies are usually found in clumps or aggregations called... - Ganglia The common mite of the hedgehog is... - Caparinia Which of these opioids is an agonist/antagonist? A. Oxymorphone B. Meperidine C. Butorphanol D. Fentanyl - Butorphanol What is a photoperiod? - Length of daylight and darkness The most effective use for a rongeur is to... - Remove small pieces of bone What is the most significant advantage of using a swaged-on needle as opposed to a closed-eye needle? - tissue is subjected to less trauma, because a single strand is pulled through the tissue What agent is usually avoided when anesthetizing horses? - Atropine What drug is used intravenously to treat status epilepticus? - Diazepam Why is apnea sometimes prolonged after barbiturates are administered too rapidly? - Barbiturates suppress the respiratory center, making it less sensitive to carbon dioxide The emetic of choice in cats is - xylazine What are the two preferred methods of collecting a urine sample for culture? - Cystocentesis and catheterization The genus and species name for the guinea pig is - Cavia porcellus When given a neuromuscular blocking agent, the last muscle(s) to become paralyzed is/are the... - diaphragm Which of the following controls the contrast on the radiograph? - kVp The heel effect is going to be less noticeable with: - Smaller film and longer SID How can a technician ensure that fresh chemistry is moved onto the film? - Agitation Which is the best view of the canine elbow? - Craniocaudal Which technique will not help to obtain higher contrast on a film? A. Use a grid B. Increase the time and temperature of the processing chemicals C. Set the collimator aperture so that the field is smaller D. Decrease the kV - Increase the time and temperature of the processing chemicals What is the main purpose of the developer? - Reduce exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver Define x-ray. - It is what creates the radiograph. It is the result of an interaction between activated electrons and matter. Define radiograph. - The finished product of a x-ray. The ____ provides the source of electrons and a negative, directed path. The ____ provides the electrically positive portion of the x-ray tube. - cathode; anode Density from low to high. - Air - black Fat Muscle/water - gray Bone Metal - white Tissue Density from low to high. - Fat Water Muscle Tendons Ligaments Bone The most effective way to prevent ringtail in suckling rats is to keep the... - Humidity greater than 50% Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a significant problem in veterinary medicine. What factor is not considered to be a significant contributor to development of bacterial resistance? - Prolonged levels of higher-than-recommended dosages of antibiotics While monitoring a horse received oxygen at the rate of 8 L/min, isoflurane 2.5%, and fluids at the rate of 10 ml/kg/hour, you note that the blood pressure suddenly falls to 60 mm Hg, and the peripheral pulse becomes weak. Your first response should be to... - Lower the isoflurane concentration and increase fluid delivery rate The cat has how many cervical vertebrae? - 7 Plasma protein determination can be determined using a(n): - Refractometer ____ is the average amount of hemoglobin in a specific volume of blood and is calculated from the hemoglobin concentration and HCT. - MCHC Unstained smears being sent to a reference laboratory should be: - Stored at room temperature High reticulocyte counts of more than 60,000/ml in dogs and more than 50,000/ml in cats are compatible with: - Regenerative anemia Red-topped fluid-collection tubes - Do not contain EDTA A modified Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain: - Will stain mast cell granules and granules in some lymphocytes purple Anuria - no urine production Continence - the ability to voluntarily control urination Dysuria - difficult or painful urination Micturition - act of excreting urine Oliguria - a urinary output less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr Pollakiuria - frequent urination Polyuria - increased urine output, output higher than 3ml/kg/hr Urine ph 7 is decreased pH, or ____ urine. - acidic Urine pH7 is increased pH, or ____ or ____ urine. - basic; alkaline How is Toxocara canis identified microscopically in the diagnostic stage? - Dark brown, thick-walled egg, with a pitted eggshell Ancylostoma caninum can be contracted by which route? - Entry through the skin The intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum is the: - Flea Signs that would indicate a dog has a severe infection of Otodectes cynotis would include: - head tilt, otitis media circling, seizures A hexacanth is the detectable, infective stage of a: - Tapeworm Giardia and Leishmania are examples of: - Flagellates Which of the following tests is best for removing lungworm larvae from small samples of feces? - Baermann technique Which subgroup do tapeworms fall under? - Cestodes The prepatent period for Trichuris vulpis is: - 3 months Suckling lice have which characteristic? - Narrower head than the thorax Blood transfusion reactions that result from incompatibility are rarest in - Cats Recovery from a volatile anesthetic will be prolonged because of all of the following except when: A. The animal is under for several hours B. A high percent of the anesthetic is biotransformed C. The solubility coefficient is high D. The MAC is high - The MAC is high Perioperative antibiotics - Are indicated in surgical procedures longer than 1.5 hours An animal that is dehydrated before surgery may require a ____ because ____ of the cell volume occurs after rehydration. - Blood/plasma transfusion; dilution You are monitoring a cat who is recovering from a spay procedure. Unfortunately, the veterinarian suspects that this patient is hemorrhaging from the surgery site. Which of the following procedures may be needed at this point? - Abdominocentesis It is your first day of work, and you are checking on a hospitalized patient. You see the phrase "Monitor for strangulation" in the medical report. Strangulation refers to: - Loss of the intestinal blood supply with devitalization and possible intestinal perforation, which is seen in conjunction with some hernias Seromas that form postoperatively can be treated with all of the following except: A. Ablation B. Drainage C. Warm compressions D. Hydrotherapy - Ablation