VTNE Clinical Pathology Exam Questions and Answers

The best site for collection of blood in the equine is: A. Mammary vein B. Anterior vena cava C. Jugular vein D. Cephalic vein - C A reagent that solidifies the blood cells on a differential film and prevent them from undergoing autolytic degeneration is: A. Romanowsky stain B. Distilled water C. Sudan III stain D. Methyl alcohol - D The buffy coat of the PCV is composed of: A. Fibrinogen B. Plasma C. Leukocytes and platelets D. Red blood cells - C The presence of leukocytes in the urine is termed: A. Oliguria B. Pyuria C. Hematuria D. Bacteriuria - B A decrease in the hemoglobin value, the packed cell volume, or the erythrocyte count is termed: A. Polycythemia B. Erythropoiesis C. Hypochromasia D. Anemia - D Ten cubic centimeters is equal to how many milliliters? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 - B The stain of choice when preparing mounts for the study of the morphological characteristics of fungi is: A. GramStain B. Sedi-stain C. New methylene blue D. Lacto phenol cotton blue - D If the doctor requests a microscopic examination of a urine specimen, the sediment must be checked for: A. Bacteria,viruses and RBCs B. BUN, urobilinogen and RBCs C. Casts, color, specific gravity, nitrogen and potassium D. Casts,erythrocytes,leukocytes and bacteria - D When an acid urine sample has been chilled or has been allowed to stand undisturbed, what type of crystals will develop? A. Amorphous phosphates B. Calcium carbonate C. Triple phosphates D. Amorphous urates - D Which of the following can be used to determine urine specific gravity? A. Urinometer B. Refractometer C. Multistix SG D. All of the above - D If serum is left in contact with the red blood cells in a clot tube, which of the following blood chemistries will be effected the most? A. Total protein B. BUN C. AST D. Glucose - D Which of the following raccoon parasite larva can migrate through the brain of the human? A. Toxocara B. Toxascaris C. Toxoplasmosis D. Baylis ascaris - D- roundroom of the raccoon Which of the following is NOT one of the erythrocyte indices? A. PCV B. MCV C. MCHC D. MCH - A The color change on the DTM from amber to red is caused by: A. Incomplete metabolism of antibiotic by bacterial growth B. Production of alkaline metabolites by pathogenic fungi C. Aging of the media and it should be discarded D. Improper storage of the media - B A blood smear with neutrophilia and a left shift would most likely have an increase in what type of cell? A. Toxic segs B. Lymphocytes C. Band neutrophils D. Hyper segmented neutrophils - C . An example of a protozoa would be: A. Toxocara canis B. Isospora felis C. Strongylus vulgaris D. Taenia pisiformis - B What stain can cause occult blood to become visible? A. Grams B. Wrights C. Iodine D. Guaiac - D What is a method of classifying neutrophils based on their age? A. Schilling's index B. McMaster index C. Wright's index D. Schalm index - A Dermatomycosis in the dog and cat is commonly caused by ectoparasites? A. True B. False - B ( a fungus not an ectoparasite) Rouleaux is most pronounced in what species? A. Canine B. Feline C. Porcine D. Equine - D Immature red blood cells include: A. Nucleated red blood cells and basophils B. Leptocytes and target cells C. Nucleated red blood cells and polychromatophilic cells D. Poikilocytes and spherocytes - C An increased MCV would be termed: A. Normochromic B. Normocytic C. Microcytic D. Macrocytic - D Hemolyzed serum can cause a false elevation in the Phosphorus levels in blood. A. True B. False - A Dark staining, round bodies of retained nuclear material that are seen within the erythrocytes on a stained blood smear are called: A. Target cells B. NRBC C. Howell-jolly bodies D. Left shift - C A segmented neutrophil of normal size but presenting more than the normal number of nuclear lobes is called what? A. Bandcell B. Leftshift C. Hypersegmented D. Immature - C Which of the following is an immature granulocyte? A. Monocyte B. Segmented neutrophil C. Metarubricyte D. Metamyelocyte - D A decrease , below normal, in the number of circulating erythrocytes is termed: A. Erythrocytosis B. Polycythemia C. Erythopenia D. Erythruria - C The common name for the egg of a canine internal parasite exhibiting bipolar operculum is: A. Roundworm B. Hookworm C. Whipworm D. Tapeworm - C Which of the following needles is the smallest A. 16 ga B. 18 ga C. 22 ga D. 25 ga - D Visceral larval migrans in children is caused by: A. The common round worm in dogs B. The common hookworm in dogs C. Infection transmitted by animal bites D. A rare parasite in the USA - A For an accurate urinalysis the sample: A. May be stored at room temperature for several hours B. Maybe stored overnight in the refrigerator C. Can be collected from the exam room floor D. Should be run as soon as possible - D An increase in the immature forms of the granulocytic neutrophils is called a shift to the: A. Right B. Middle C. Left D. Good - C Ixodes dammini is an ectoparasite responsible for what disease in the canine? A. Dirofilaria B. Echinococcus C. Lymedisease D. Parvo - C Urine becomes _______________ when allowed to stand at room temperature. A. Acid B. Neutral C. Alkaline D. Flocculent - C The pathogenic canine heartworm is: A. Dipetalonema reconditum B. Dirofilaria immitis C. Toxocara canis D. Haemobartonella canis - B The approximate numerical relationship between hemoglobin and the PCV is: A. Hemoglobin is 2 times the PCV B. PCV is 4 times the HGB C. Hemoglobin is 1/3 the PCV D. PCV is 1/3 the HGB - C Urine volume is inversely related to specific gravity. A. True B. False - A One ounce is equal to how many milliliters? A. 10 B. 30 C. 45 D. 60 - B In large animals, ketosis is commonly associated with: A. Colic B. Diabetes insipidus C. Adequate carbohydrate metabolism D. Pregnancy - D Fat globules or fatty casts will stain orange red with: A. Sedi stain B. Lacto phenyl cotton blue C. Eosin stain D. Sudan III stain - D Which size urinary catheter is the smallest? A. 3 french B. 5 french C. 8 french D. 12 french - A Which of the following parasites are zoonotic? A. Toxocara canis B. Toxoplasma gondii C. Ancylostoma caninum D. All of the above - D This blood parasite is commonly found on the margins of the erythrocytes A. Babesia canis B. Dirofilaria immitis C. Mycoplasma hemofelis D. Escherichia coli - C When Dipylidium caninum is detected in a dog, what should a client be advised? A. The dog should never eat uncooked pork again B. Flea control is required to prevent this C. The dog should never ear uncooked salmon again D. Horsefly repellants should be applied to the environment - B The organism most commonly involved in dermatomycosis in the canine is: A. Microsporum B. Nematodirus C. Demodex D. Otodectes - A What are the normal components of avian stools? A. Feces B. Urates C. Urine D. All of the above - D Increased urine volume is termed: A. Anuria B. Polyuria C. Pyometra D. Oliguria - B The ear mite of the rabbit is: A. Demodex canis B. Sarcoptes scabiei C. Psoroptes cuniculi D. Cheyletiella parasitovorax - C Freshly voided urine in the horse is: A. Clear B. Cloudy C. Red D. Green - B What color is icteric serum? A. Cloudy B. Red C. Green D. Yellow - D Urine volume is dependent upon diet, fluid intake and age. A. True B. False - B Which of the following anticoagulants prohibits glycolysis? A. EDTA B. Heparin C. Na+citrate D. Na+fluoride - D A skin scraping is usually required to obtain an accurate diagnosis of: A. Dermacentor B. Demodex C. Ctenocephalides D. Otodectes - B If whole blood is placed in red top vacutainer and then a short time later it is centrifuged. The clear supernate obtained is: A. Plasma B. PCV C. Serum D. Heparinized plasma - C Organized elements of urinary sediment include: A. Leukocytes,erythrocytes,epithelial cells B. Leukocytes,fat drops,crystals C. Erythrocytes, crystals, sperm cells D. Crystals only - A In the feline, Mycoplasma haemofelis is found on what type of blood cell? A. Eosinophils B. Erythrocytes C. Toxic granulocytes D. Atypical lymphocytes - B Increased blood urea nitrogen levels are associated with: A. Renal disease B. Liver disease C. Acute pancreatitis D. Cardiac disease - A Which of the following parasites is an important cause of colic in the horse? A. Ancylostoma B. Bots C. Parascaris D. Strongyles - D Immature non-nucleated erythrocytes which still retain basophilic material are called? A. Poikilocytes B. Metarubricytes C. Reticulocytes D. Basophils - C One kilogram equals: A. 0.22 pounds B. 1000 grams C. 22 lbs D. 100 grams - B This canine ectoparasiste has a distinct appearance. The non-hairy body is elongated and has 4 pairs of short legs. This parasite is called: A. Cheyletiella parasitovorax B. Otodectes cyanotis C. Psoroptes ovis D. Demodex spp. - D Which of the following techniques can be used as a screen for the presence of microfilaria in the peripheral blood? A. DTM test B. Microcapillary tube test C. McMaster's concentration technique D. Wrights - Lieshmans stain - B What stain is used to differentiate bacteria? A. Sedi stain B. Gram's stain C. Wright's stain D. New methylene blue - B What is the most common leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the dog? A. Band neutrophil B. Lymphocyte C. Monocyte D. Monolobed neutrophil - D What type of solution can be used as a clearing agent when performing a skin scraping for dermatophytes? A. 50% dextrose B. 10% formalin C. Alcohol D. KOH (potassium hydroxide) - D Casts in urinary sediment indicates varying degrees of bladder changes, bladder irritation, inflammation, or degeneration. A. True B. False - B Dohle bodies are often found in: A. Lymphocytes B. Immature erythrocytes C. Neutrophils D Eosinophils - C The Alanine Aminotransferase test is a blood chemistry test that is specific for what organ? A. Heart B. Liver C. Kidney D. Small intestine - B Which of the following animals normally have NRBC's? A. Pig B. Cat C. Chicken D. Horse - C The urine of the normal herbivore is most likely to be in what pH range? A. 5 - 6 B. Neutral C. 8-9 D. Acidic - C The most common bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections is: A. Corynbacterium spp. B. Bordatella bronchiseptica C. Streptococcus spp. D. Escherichia coli. - D Dense, smaller than normal canine erythrocytes are called: A. Macrocytes B. Target cells C. Lymphocytes D. Spherocytes - D Which of the following casts are usually colorless, homogenous and semi- transparent in unstained urine sediment? A. WBC casts B. Hyaline casts C. Fine granular casts D. RBC casts - B If an animal is infected with sarcoptic mites, the most common place for skin lesion will be the: A. Ventral abdomen, external ears and elbows B. Around the muzzle C. Forehead and forelegs D. Dorsal lumbar area - A The most common anticoagulant used for hematological studies is: A. Heparin B. Sodium citrate C. EDTA D. ACD - C What is the most commonly used site for blood collection in the mouse, (when no anesthesia has been given) A. Medial canthus of the eye B. Cardiac puncture C. Jugular vein D. Lateral tail vein - D What size needle should be used in a 40lb dog for blood collection? A. 25ga B. 23ga C. 20ga D. 18ga - C Which vessel is unsatisfactory for obtaining a 10 ml venous blood sample in the dog? A. Jugular B. Carotid C. Cephalic D. Femoral - B Which system for blood collection is used as a replacement for the syringe and needle? A. Simplex B. Butterfly C. Infusion D. Vacutainer - D What should the position be of the needle prior to entering the vein? A. Bevel down B. Bevel up C. Bevel medial D. Bevel lateral - B If an aspirate has high numbers of white cells and a high protein concentration, where might that sample have come from? A. Hematoma B. Seroma C. Abscess D. Lipoma - C What needle size is used in cats and small dogs for obtaining blood samples? A. 22ga B. 20ga C. 18ga D. 16ga - A Why is it necessary to apply pressure over the venipuncture site following the removal of blood? A. To prevent clotting in the vessel B. To prevent formation of a hematoma C. To allow the skin to heal D. To calm the patient following trauma - B . What device is normally used to elevate the cephalic vein of the dog for venipuncture? A. Cottongauze B. Elastikon C. White tape D. Nye tourniquet - D An adjusted (corrected) leukocyte count needs to be made in the presence of what cells? A. Target cells B. Irregular white blood cells C. Spherocytes D. NRBC - D What microorganism utilizes normal atmosphere oxygen as a function of metabolism? A. Anaerobes B. Aerobes C. Microaerophilic D. Cryarophils - B What microbiology procedure is frequently done to determine the type of antibiotic needed to combat a bacterial infection? A. Anaerobic culture B. Oxidase test C. MIC D. Blood agar plate - C What is the optimum temperature required to incubate a pathogenic bacterial culture? A. 25oC B. 37oC C. 45oC D. 98.6oC - B Which canine disease is carried by a tick? A. Heartworm B. Leptospirosis C. Borreliosis D. Hepatitis - C New methylene blue stain is used to demonstrate what type of blood cell? A. Spherocyte B. Reticulocytes C. Eosinophil D. Basophil - B Casts in urine may be demonstrated by what stain? A. Wright's stain B. Gram's stain C. New methylene blue D. Sedi-stain - D What is hemoglobinuria? A. Intact RBCs in the urine B. Free hemoglobin in the peripheral blood C. Decrease of hemoglobin content in the blood D. Presence of hemoglobin in the urine - D