Mizzou Microbio 3200 - Exam 2
1. how can a pathogen cause dis- -gaining access to the body, either
ease? by penetrating the skin or entering
through an alternate portal of entry
-bind to host cells or tissues
-evade the host defense systems long
enough to cause harmful changes
2. what does the immune system do? -distinguish healthy self from non-self
and infected or damaged self
-activate specific effector functions
able to block microbes from achieving
pathological events
3. what is the first line of defense of barrier to invasion
the immune system?
4. what are the barriers for the im- -skin
mune system? -gut
-lungs
-eyes/nose
5. what is the skin's mechanical barri- -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
er to pathogens? tions
-longitudinal flow of air or fluid
6. what is the skin's chemical barrier -fatty acids - break down cell walls
to pathogens? -antibacterial peptides - blocking the
function of invaders
7. what is the skin's microbiological normal flora - natural microbes that
barrier to pathogens? are on our skin
8. what is the gut's mechanical barrier -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
to pathogens? tions
-longitudinal flow of air or fluid
9. what is the gut's chemical barrier to -low pH - acidic
pathogens? -enzymes (pepsin) - cut things up in
cells
, Mizzou Microbio 3200 - Exam 2
-antibacterial peptides - blocking the
function of the invaders
10. what is the gut's microbiological normal flora - natural microbes that
barrier to pathogens? are in our gut
11. what is the lungs' mechanical bar- -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
rier to pathogens? tions
-movement of mucus by cilia - physi-
cally move things out
12. what is the lungs' chemical barrier antibacterial peptides - blocking the
to pathogens? function of invaders
13. what is the eyes/nose's mechanical -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
barrier to pathogens? tions
-tears/nasal cilia
14. what is the eyes/nose's chemical enzymes in tears (lysozyme)
barrier to pathogens?
15. what is the lymphatic system? -home of the 2nd and 3rd line of de-
fense
-network of chemicals, cells, and tis-
sues strategically distributed through-
out the body
16. what is a lymph node? optimized to promote efficient immune
activation and regulation
17. what is the paracortical area of the mostly made up of T cells
lymph node?
, Mizzou Microbio 3200 - Exam 2
18. what is the germinal center of the this is formed after we have experi-
lymph node? enced an antigen
-develop the ability to make antibodies
19. what is the primary lymphoid folli- mostly made up of B cells
cle of the lymph node?
20. what are chemical mediators of in- the 'early warning' system
flammation? -some cells are made to secrete
chemicals when they realize some-
thing is wrong
-some cells make signals to go to oth-
er places to tell cells that things need
to be formed to enhance the ability of
our body to respond to pathogens
21. what are interleukins? a chemical system of 'cellular commu-
nication'
-they signal between leukocytes and
tells cells what kind of pathogen we
have encountered and what kind of
response we need
1. how can a pathogen cause dis- -gaining access to the body, either
ease? by penetrating the skin or entering
through an alternate portal of entry
-bind to host cells or tissues
-evade the host defense systems long
enough to cause harmful changes
2. what does the immune system do? -distinguish healthy self from non-self
and infected or damaged self
-activate specific effector functions
able to block microbes from achieving
pathological events
3. what is the first line of defense of barrier to invasion
the immune system?
4. what are the barriers for the im- -skin
mune system? -gut
-lungs
-eyes/nose
5. what is the skin's mechanical barri- -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
er to pathogens? tions
-longitudinal flow of air or fluid
6. what is the skin's chemical barrier -fatty acids - break down cell walls
to pathogens? -antibacterial peptides - blocking the
function of invaders
7. what is the skin's microbiological normal flora - natural microbes that
barrier to pathogens? are on our skin
8. what is the gut's mechanical barrier -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
to pathogens? tions
-longitudinal flow of air or fluid
9. what is the gut's chemical barrier to -low pH - acidic
pathogens? -enzymes (pepsin) - cut things up in
cells
, Mizzou Microbio 3200 - Exam 2
-antibacterial peptides - blocking the
function of the invaders
10. what is the gut's microbiological normal flora - natural microbes that
barrier to pathogens? are in our gut
11. what is the lungs' mechanical bar- -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
rier to pathogens? tions
-movement of mucus by cilia - physi-
cally move things out
12. what is the lungs' chemical barrier antibacterial peptides - blocking the
to pathogens? function of invaders
13. what is the eyes/nose's mechanical -epithelial cells joined by tight junc-
barrier to pathogens? tions
-tears/nasal cilia
14. what is the eyes/nose's chemical enzymes in tears (lysozyme)
barrier to pathogens?
15. what is the lymphatic system? -home of the 2nd and 3rd line of de-
fense
-network of chemicals, cells, and tis-
sues strategically distributed through-
out the body
16. what is a lymph node? optimized to promote efficient immune
activation and regulation
17. what is the paracortical area of the mostly made up of T cells
lymph node?
, Mizzou Microbio 3200 - Exam 2
18. what is the germinal center of the this is formed after we have experi-
lymph node? enced an antigen
-develop the ability to make antibodies
19. what is the primary lymphoid folli- mostly made up of B cells
cle of the lymph node?
20. what are chemical mediators of in- the 'early warning' system
flammation? -some cells are made to secrete
chemicals when they realize some-
thing is wrong
-some cells make signals to go to oth-
er places to tell cells that things need
to be formed to enhance the ability of
our body to respond to pathogens
21. what are interleukins? a chemical system of 'cellular commu-
nication'
-they signal between leukocytes and
tells cells what kind of pathogen we
have encountered and what kind of
response we need
