NURS2502 - Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. Priorities of care in the patient with a kidney stone: Control of infection (strain urine).
Adequate hydration Dietary NA+
restriction Dietary changes
Medication
2. Causes of struvite kidney stones: Bacteria in the urinary tract.
3. Subjective s/s of a kidney stone: Hematuria, abdominal flank pain, renal colic (passing in the ureter) n/v, chills,
fever
4. Dietary restrictions for patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones: Proteins that increase uric acid excretion.
Excessive amounts of tea or fruit juices that elevate urinary oxalate level. Large intake of calcium and oxalate.
Low fluid intake.
5. Parkland formula fluid calculation: 4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA BURNED = 24 hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
6. Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).: Conjunctivitis,
itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and mucous membranes.
7. Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea: Scaly rash that sweeps outward like the branches of a pine tree.
8. Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the devel- opment of pressure ulcers.:
Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
9. Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia: Occurs in persons with spinal cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the injury.
10.Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury: Loss of motor function, proprioception, and
vibration sense on side of injury, loss of pain and temperature opposite side of injury.
11.S/s of neurogenic shock: BP HR Cardiac Output decrease, venous pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't
sweat.
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5
, NURS2502 - Pathophysiology Exam 2
12.Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord in- jury: Loss of all motor and sensory
function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs Loss of bowel and
bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
13.Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury.: ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
and mobility
14.HIV Viral loads: High: greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL Low: greater than or equal
to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
15.Response to antiretroviral medications: Used to decrease viral load.
16.Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth.: Bottle feeding instead of breastfeeding.
17.Role of reverse transcriptase: Assists to make a single viral DNA and it copies itself to make a double-stranded
viral DNA
18.Diagnostic criteria for AIDS: Screening tests detect HIV-specific antibodies (up to 2 months before antibodies can
be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
19.Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly.: Altered LOC and dehy- dration
20.Criteria for positive PPD test.: >5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
21.Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia.: Elevated WBCs
22.HAP vs CAP: HAP: after 48hrs of hospitalization
chronic lung disease, altered LOC, tubing, aspiration, immunocompromised, venti- lation
CAP: before 48hrs of hospitlization
chronic/coexisting condition, recent history of flu/virus infection, tobacco and alcohol use
23.Common clinical manifestations of TB.: Night sweats Fever
Fatigue
Unintentional weight loss Chest pain
SOB
Congestion with coughing
2/
5
1. Priorities of care in the patient with a kidney stone: Control of infection (strain urine).
Adequate hydration Dietary NA+
restriction Dietary changes
Medication
2. Causes of struvite kidney stones: Bacteria in the urinary tract.
3. Subjective s/s of a kidney stone: Hematuria, abdominal flank pain, renal colic (passing in the ureter) n/v, chills,
fever
4. Dietary restrictions for patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones: Proteins that increase uric acid excretion.
Excessive amounts of tea or fruit juices that elevate urinary oxalate level. Large intake of calcium and oxalate.
Low fluid intake.
5. Parkland formula fluid calculation: 4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA BURNED = 24 hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
6. Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).: Conjunctivitis,
itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and mucous membranes.
7. Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea: Scaly rash that sweeps outward like the branches of a pine tree.
8. Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the devel- opment of pressure ulcers.:
Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
9. Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia: Occurs in persons with spinal cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the injury.
10.Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury: Loss of motor function, proprioception, and
vibration sense on side of injury, loss of pain and temperature opposite side of injury.
11.S/s of neurogenic shock: BP HR Cardiac Output decrease, venous pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't
sweat.
1/
5
, NURS2502 - Pathophysiology Exam 2
12.Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord in- jury: Loss of all motor and sensory
function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs Loss of bowel and
bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
13.Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury.: ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
and mobility
14.HIV Viral loads: High: greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL Low: greater than or equal
to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
15.Response to antiretroviral medications: Used to decrease viral load.
16.Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth.: Bottle feeding instead of breastfeeding.
17.Role of reverse transcriptase: Assists to make a single viral DNA and it copies itself to make a double-stranded
viral DNA
18.Diagnostic criteria for AIDS: Screening tests detect HIV-specific antibodies (up to 2 months before antibodies can
be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
19.Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly.: Altered LOC and dehy- dration
20.Criteria for positive PPD test.: >5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
21.Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia.: Elevated WBCs
22.HAP vs CAP: HAP: after 48hrs of hospitalization
chronic lung disease, altered LOC, tubing, aspiration, immunocompromised, venti- lation
CAP: before 48hrs of hospitlization
chronic/coexisting condition, recent history of flu/virus infection, tobacco and alcohol use
23.Common clinical manifestations of TB.: Night sweats Fever
Fatigue
Unintentional weight loss Chest pain
SOB
Congestion with coughing
2/
5
