Neuropsychology Exam 1 Actual Questions With 100% Detailed Verified Answers.

Neuron - correct answer Specialized nerve cell engaged in information processing Central Nervous system - correct answer The brain and spinal cord that together mediate behavior Peripheral nervous system - correct answer all the neurons in the body located outside the brain & spinal cord; provides sensory & motor connections to and from the CNS parasympathetic system - correct answer part of the autonomic system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic; preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion. sympathetic system - correct answer pat of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action, such as mediating the involuntary fight of flight response to alarm by increasing heart rate and blood pressure Autonomic nervous system - correct answer part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands somatic nervous system - correct answer part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles, joints & skin that produce movement, transmit incoming sensory input and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts. Descartes and dualism - correct answer Philosophical position that holds that both a nonmaterial mind and a material body contribute to behavior. mentalism - correct answer explanation of behavior as a function of the nonmaterial mind materialism - correct answer Philosophical position that hods that behavior can be explained as a function of the brain & the rest of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind. mind-body-problem - correct answer Quandary of explaining how a nonmaterial mind & a material body interact genotype - correct answer Particular genetic makeup of an individual phenotype - correct answer Individual characteristics that can be seen or measured Epigenetics - correct answer differences in gene expression related to environment and experience Traumatic brain injury (TBI) - correct answer Wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head 10 principles of nervous system function - correct answer 1) The nervous system produces movement within a perceptual world the brain creates 2) the hallmark of nervous system functioning is neuroplasticity 3) many of the brain's circuits are crossed 4) the central nervous system functions on multiple levels 5) the brain is both symmetrical and asymmetrical 6) brain systems are organized both hierarchically & in parallel 7) Sensory and motor divisions exist throughout the nervous system 8) Sensory input to the brain is divided for object recognition and motor control 9) Functions in the brain are both localized & distributed 10) the nervous system works by juxtaposing excitation and inhibition Dura mater - correct answer the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. arachnoid membrane - correct answer a fine membrane (the middle one of the three membranes) or meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, situated between the dura matter and the pia matter pia mater - correct answer the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord subarachnoid space - correct answer the anatomical space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. it is occupied by spongy tissue consisting of trabeculae and inter communicating channels in which the cerebral spinal fluid is contained. cerebral spinal fluid - correct answer Clear solution of sodium chloride & other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain & circulates around the brain & spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space neuroplasticity - correct answer The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury phenoypic plasticity - correct answer An individual's capacity to develop into more than one phenotype afferent - correct answer Conducting toward a central nervous system structure efferent - correct answer Conducting away from a central nervous system structure meninges - correct answer 3 layers of protective tissue- dura matter, arachnoid, and pia matter- that encase the brain and spinal cord lateralization - correct answer process whereby functions become localized primarily on one side of the brain anterior - correct answer is in front posterior - correct answer is in the back coronal - correct answer the section is cut in a vertical plane from the crown of the head down, yielding a frontal view of the brains internal structures. medial - correct answer structure's towards the brain's middle lateral - correct answer structures located toward the side of the brain horizontal - correct answer the view or the cut (of the brain) falls along the horizon dorsal - correct answer structures atop of the brain or structure within the brain ventral - correct answer structures toward the bottom of the brain or one of its parts