PHAR 100 Module 5 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
New OTC products - CORRECT ANSWER - Tested for rigorous preclinical safety
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effectively relieves pain
(analgesic), fever (antipyretic), and inflammation (anti-inflammatory)--ASA inhib synthesis of
prostaglandins, which are endogenous substances that enhance the mediation of pain and fever,
and have a role in inflammation. Low doses show to prevent stroke and heart attack -- ASA inhib
platelet aggregation and hence clot formation.
Adverse effects of aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER - Tinnitus (Somer users may experience
ringing in the ears at high doses)
Reyes Syndrome (rare but serious illness, affecting the CNS)
Allergic rxns
Gastric irritation
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective analgesic and antipyretic
(inhib of prostaglandin, synthetases)
Adverse effects: OD can lead to fatal liver injury
Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective
analgesics, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory (a 200mg dose of ibuprofen is more effective than
a 325 mg dose of ASA in a number of conditions, including dental pain. Ibuprofen and Naproxen
= most effective. Reversible inhib of the synth of prostaglandins.
Adverse effects:
, GI, skin rash, dizziness, and blurred vision, fluid retention
Topical anlgesics - CORRECT ANSWER - Usually used for dealing with minor sprains
and overworked muscles.
Antihistimes - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to treat symptoms due to allergies, ex. hay
fever. Act by blocking the histamine receptors, thereby inhib the binding of histamine to its
receptor, decreasing allergy symptoms.
Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with excess stomach acids. designed to hold the
pH of gastric contents to ~4.
2 classes of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Systemic: Given orally, absorbed by the GI
tract leading to systemic alkalosis
Non-systemic antacids: Also given orally, but are not absorbed so they do not cause systemic
alkalosis.
acid secretion in stomach - CORRECT ANSWER - Active process where p+ are
trasnferred into the stomach in exchange for K+. Histamine is involved in the rel of stomach
acid. 2 classes of drugs target this, H2 inhibs, and p+ pump inhibs (PPIs)
Decongestants - CORRECT ANSWER - Congestion is caused by a dilation of small blood
vessels, allowing fluids to leak between into the spaces between cells. Decongestants, cause
constriction of blood vessels, preventing the accumulation of fluid and thereby red. congestion.
Long term use leads to irritation and chronic rhinitis (congested, runny nose)
Cough Supressants - CORRECT ANSWER - Coughing involves signals form bronchioles,
which are processed by the cough centre in the medulla of the brain. A productive cough should
not be supressed, a non-productive cough should be suppressed.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
New OTC products - CORRECT ANSWER - Tested for rigorous preclinical safety
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effectively relieves pain
(analgesic), fever (antipyretic), and inflammation (anti-inflammatory)--ASA inhib synthesis of
prostaglandins, which are endogenous substances that enhance the mediation of pain and fever,
and have a role in inflammation. Low doses show to prevent stroke and heart attack -- ASA inhib
platelet aggregation and hence clot formation.
Adverse effects of aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER - Tinnitus (Somer users may experience
ringing in the ears at high doses)
Reyes Syndrome (rare but serious illness, affecting the CNS)
Allergic rxns
Gastric irritation
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective analgesic and antipyretic
(inhib of prostaglandin, synthetases)
Adverse effects: OD can lead to fatal liver injury
Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective
analgesics, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory (a 200mg dose of ibuprofen is more effective than
a 325 mg dose of ASA in a number of conditions, including dental pain. Ibuprofen and Naproxen
= most effective. Reversible inhib of the synth of prostaglandins.
Adverse effects:
, GI, skin rash, dizziness, and blurred vision, fluid retention
Topical anlgesics - CORRECT ANSWER - Usually used for dealing with minor sprains
and overworked muscles.
Antihistimes - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to treat symptoms due to allergies, ex. hay
fever. Act by blocking the histamine receptors, thereby inhib the binding of histamine to its
receptor, decreasing allergy symptoms.
Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with excess stomach acids. designed to hold the
pH of gastric contents to ~4.
2 classes of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Systemic: Given orally, absorbed by the GI
tract leading to systemic alkalosis
Non-systemic antacids: Also given orally, but are not absorbed so they do not cause systemic
alkalosis.
acid secretion in stomach - CORRECT ANSWER - Active process where p+ are
trasnferred into the stomach in exchange for K+. Histamine is involved in the rel of stomach
acid. 2 classes of drugs target this, H2 inhibs, and p+ pump inhibs (PPIs)
Decongestants - CORRECT ANSWER - Congestion is caused by a dilation of small blood
vessels, allowing fluids to leak between into the spaces between cells. Decongestants, cause
constriction of blood vessels, preventing the accumulation of fluid and thereby red. congestion.
Long term use leads to irritation and chronic rhinitis (congested, runny nose)
Cough Supressants - CORRECT ANSWER - Coughing involves signals form bronchioles,
which are processed by the cough centre in the medulla of the brain. A productive cough should
not be supressed, a non-productive cough should be suppressed.
