PHAR 100- Module 5 UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
2 categories of drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - prescription and over the counter
Food and drugs act - CORRECT ANSWER - controls the safety, efficacy, advertising, and
sale of OTC drugs
Grandparenting in OTC (and issues with it) - CORRECT ANSWER - - not all drugs have
been in controlled clinical trials because they've already been used for decades
Issues:
- without clinical trials, the efficacy of the drug is unknown (it might be less effective)
- there might be some serious toxicities (maybe they wouldn't pass modern safety testing)
new OTCs going on to the market vs. old ones - CORRECT ANSWER - - new OTCs have
to go through pre-clincial safety testing and monitoring (a lot of new ones are only available by
prescription at first)
- old OTCs have been grandparents in
Guidelines for using an OTC - CORRECT ANSWER - - symptoms are mild
- be familiar with the symptoms (know what you are treating for)
- if illness gets worse, see a doctor
- dont use OTC for over 2 weeks (if nothing is happening)
- stop if adverse effects are happening
selection of appropriate OTCs - CORRECT ANSWER - - check for good efficacy
- have a simple formula (1 active ingredient)
- list all ingredients and amounts
- NOT always the name brand product
,- come in appropriate dosage form (like liquid for children)
- have a therapeutically effective dose of the active ingredient
- have a known level of toxicity
Common OTCs - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. internal analgesics
2. antihistamines
3. drugs for excess stomach acid: antacids
4. decongestants
5. cough suppressants
6. expectorants
7. sleeping aids
8. laxatives
9. antidiarrheal agents
10. 0.5% hydrocortisone
11. sunscreen
1. Internal analgesics: types - CORRECT ANSWER - -acetysalicyclic acid
- acetaminophen
- NSAIDS
1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
THERAPEUTIC USES - CORRECT ANSWER - - effective relives pain, fever, and
inflammation
1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
MOA - CORRECT ANSWER - - inhibit the conversion of prostaglandins
(stops cyclooxyrgenase-->prostaglandins)
- stroke/heart attack prevention: ASA inhibits platelet aggregation and therefore blood clotting
, 1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
ADVERSE EFFECTS - CORRECT ANSWER - - tinnitus (ringing in ears)
- Reye's syndrome (when ASA is given to kids with a fever. Its a rare/serious illness affecting the
CNS. Acetaminophen is the drug of choice for kids with fevers)
- allergic reaction (rare, but these people are also allergic to yellow food colouring)
- gastric irritation (most common ASA toxicity. ASA breaks down the protective mucus barrier in
the stomach leading to irritation and bleeding. use antacids to help)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWER - most common used OTC
internal analgesic (more than 50% of the market)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
THERAPEUTIC USES - CORRECT ANSWER - - effective analgesics and antipyretic
(fever)
- not an effective anti-inflammatory
- used when ASA causes gastric irritation and in young children with fevers (it doesn't cause
Reye's)
- available in a liquid so its good for kids/babies
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
MOA - CORRECT ANSWER - - inhibit the conversion of prostaglandins
(stops cyclooxyrgenase-->prostaglandins)
(the cause of pain)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
ADVERSE EFFECTS - CORRECT ANSWER - - at therapeutic doses: its well tolerated,
no gastric irritation)
- overdose can cause liver failure (alcoholics and people with liver disease are more susceptible
to liver toxicities)
and CORRECT Answers
2 categories of drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - prescription and over the counter
Food and drugs act - CORRECT ANSWER - controls the safety, efficacy, advertising, and
sale of OTC drugs
Grandparenting in OTC (and issues with it) - CORRECT ANSWER - - not all drugs have
been in controlled clinical trials because they've already been used for decades
Issues:
- without clinical trials, the efficacy of the drug is unknown (it might be less effective)
- there might be some serious toxicities (maybe they wouldn't pass modern safety testing)
new OTCs going on to the market vs. old ones - CORRECT ANSWER - - new OTCs have
to go through pre-clincial safety testing and monitoring (a lot of new ones are only available by
prescription at first)
- old OTCs have been grandparents in
Guidelines for using an OTC - CORRECT ANSWER - - symptoms are mild
- be familiar with the symptoms (know what you are treating for)
- if illness gets worse, see a doctor
- dont use OTC for over 2 weeks (if nothing is happening)
- stop if adverse effects are happening
selection of appropriate OTCs - CORRECT ANSWER - - check for good efficacy
- have a simple formula (1 active ingredient)
- list all ingredients and amounts
- NOT always the name brand product
,- come in appropriate dosage form (like liquid for children)
- have a therapeutically effective dose of the active ingredient
- have a known level of toxicity
Common OTCs - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. internal analgesics
2. antihistamines
3. drugs for excess stomach acid: antacids
4. decongestants
5. cough suppressants
6. expectorants
7. sleeping aids
8. laxatives
9. antidiarrheal agents
10. 0.5% hydrocortisone
11. sunscreen
1. Internal analgesics: types - CORRECT ANSWER - -acetysalicyclic acid
- acetaminophen
- NSAIDS
1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
THERAPEUTIC USES - CORRECT ANSWER - - effective relives pain, fever, and
inflammation
1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
MOA - CORRECT ANSWER - - inhibit the conversion of prostaglandins
(stops cyclooxyrgenase-->prostaglandins)
- stroke/heart attack prevention: ASA inhibits platelet aggregation and therefore blood clotting
, 1. Internal analgesics: Acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
ADVERSE EFFECTS - CORRECT ANSWER - - tinnitus (ringing in ears)
- Reye's syndrome (when ASA is given to kids with a fever. Its a rare/serious illness affecting the
CNS. Acetaminophen is the drug of choice for kids with fevers)
- allergic reaction (rare, but these people are also allergic to yellow food colouring)
- gastric irritation (most common ASA toxicity. ASA breaks down the protective mucus barrier in
the stomach leading to irritation and bleeding. use antacids to help)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWER - most common used OTC
internal analgesic (more than 50% of the market)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
THERAPEUTIC USES - CORRECT ANSWER - - effective analgesics and antipyretic
(fever)
- not an effective anti-inflammatory
- used when ASA causes gastric irritation and in young children with fevers (it doesn't cause
Reye's)
- available in a liquid so its good for kids/babies
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
MOA - CORRECT ANSWER - - inhibit the conversion of prostaglandins
(stops cyclooxyrgenase-->prostaglandins)
(the cause of pain)
1. Internal analgesics: Acetaminophen
ADVERSE EFFECTS - CORRECT ANSWER - - at therapeutic doses: its well tolerated,
no gastric irritation)
- overdose can cause liver failure (alcoholics and people with liver disease are more susceptible
to liver toxicities)
