Exam questions
(1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of resistance as an
individual response to change?
a. Enthusiasm for the change.
b. Skepticism about the message.
c. Inertia and avoidance.
d. Reactance and resistance to the influencer.
(2) What is robustness in the context of organizational change?
a. The ability of an organization to change rapidly.
b. The tendency of organizations to maintain their core values and structures
even during change.
c. The flexibility of employees to adapt to new situations.
d. The use of technology to support change.
(3) what are large group interventions in change management?
a. Training managers on how to lead change.
b. Methods to involve the entire system in a planned change process.
c. Using outside consultants to implement change.
d. Communicating the change via e-mail and newsletters.
(4) What is the advantage of thinking in terms of desire rather than
problems when it comes to change?
a. It is easier to identify problems than to imagine a desired future.
b. Thinking from desire gives energy and stimulates creativity, while focusing
on problems can lead to demotivation.
c. It is unrealistic to think of an ideal future.
d. Change must always start with an analysis of the current problems.
(5) What is van Hootegem’s law?
a. That all change leads to improvement.
b. That change will always meet with resistance.
c. That imperfect rules are often replaced by new, equally imperfect rules.
d. That technology is the solution to all problems with change.
(6) What is the relationship between Lean Production (LP) and the
Lowlands Sociotechnical Design Theory (STSL) according to Christis &
Soepenberg (2015)?
a. LP and STSL are contradictory theories with different starting points.
b. STSL is an outdated theory that is not relevant to LP.
c. LP can be seen as a design approach that seeks a theoretical basis, and
STSL can provide that basis.
d. LP and STSL are synonyms for the same concept.
(7) Which of the following principles is NOT a core principle of lean
thinking according to Wood (2014)?
, a. Specifying value from the customer perspective.
b. Identifying the value stream.
c. Creating flow in the value stream.
d. Centralizing decision-making.
(8) What is the definition of job crafting according to Le Blanc et al.
(2017)?
a. The redesign of jobs by managers to increase efficiency.
b. The training of workers to use new technologies.
c. The process by which workers physically and cognitively adjust their tasks
or relational boundaries by optimizing the level of their job demands and
job resources.
d. The replacement of workers by robots.
(9) Which of the following statements about autonomy-supportive
leadership is true according to Sarmah et al. (2022)?
a. Autonomy-supportive leadership is related to a decrease in employees'
perception of job resources.
b. Autonomy-supportive leadership increases employees' work engagement,
but does not affect their well-being.
c. Autonomy-supportive leadership contributes to an increase in employees'
perception of job resources and increases their work engagement.
d. Autonomy-supportive leadership has no significant effect on the
relationship between work design and employees' well-being.
(10) Which 3 important motivation work design models are discussed in
van den Broeck et al. (2015)?
a. The Job Characteristics Model (JCM), Karasek's Job Demand Control Model
(JDCM), and the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R).
b. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor's X and Y Theory, and Herzberg's
Two-Factor Theory.
c. The Vitamin Model, the Social Cognitive Theory Model, and the Self-
Determination Theory Model.
d. The Scientific Management Model, the Human Relations Model, and the
Systems Theory Model.
(11) Which of the following disadvantages of specialization is mentioned
in van Hootegem (2015)?
a. Employees do not have an overview of the entire process.
b. Specialization leads to less expertise among employees.
c. Specialization makes it more difficult to use machines.
d. Specialization makes it impossible to describe tasks in detail.
(12) What is an important characteristic of total workplace innovation
(TWIN) according to van Hootegem (2015)?
a. A strong hierarchical structure.
b. Focus on customer-oriented and flexible structures.
c. Centralization of decision-making.
d. Resistance to change.
(13) According to Parker et al., what is the reason that traditional work
design theories fall short in the modern context?
, a. They are too complex and difficult to implement.
b. They were developed in a time with different types of work and do not take
into account the complexity of modern organizations.
c. They are based on outdated scientific insights.
d. They place too much emphasis on autonomy and feedback.
(14) According to Parker et al., which of the following factors influences
the relationship between work characteristics and outcomes?
a. Contingencies, such as technological interdependence and uncertainty.
b. Antecedents only, such as management style.
c. Mechanisms only, such as motivation.
d. Outcomes only, such as satisfaction.
(15) What is the purpose of scientific management according to van den
Broeck & Parker?
a. Improving employee job satisfaction.
b. Creating more autonomy and feedback in the work.
c. Promoting teamwork and cooperation.
d. Increasing efficiency through simplification, specialization, and training of
employees.
(16) A large publishing house decides to split and from now on continue
to operate under 3 sub-organizations. One part of the organization
will deal only with childrens books. Another part of the organization
will deal with books for young adults. The last part of the
organization will focus on books for recent retirees. Of which
parameter is this an example?
a) Functional concentration
b) Differentiation of operational transformation
c) Level of specialization of performance activities
d) None of above
(17) Whitin lean management, the concept of just-in-time delivery is
important and widely used in various industrial sectors. Just-in-time
delivery is mainly aimed at:
a) Reducing inventories
b) Creating a clue stream map
c) Improving employee satisfaction
d) Reducing over-processing
(18) Sometimes lean management is criticised for so-called just-in-time
disasters. What could be the reason for such disasters?
a) Too many things are being done last minute
b) Suppliers have been squeezed and their trucks get stuck in traffic, which
leads to too much work in progress.
c) The Heijunka system is not properly planned
d) Buffers have been reduced so far that vulnerabilities in the process are
exposed.
(1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of resistance as an
individual response to change?
a. Enthusiasm for the change.
b. Skepticism about the message.
c. Inertia and avoidance.
d. Reactance and resistance to the influencer.
(2) What is robustness in the context of organizational change?
a. The ability of an organization to change rapidly.
b. The tendency of organizations to maintain their core values and structures
even during change.
c. The flexibility of employees to adapt to new situations.
d. The use of technology to support change.
(3) what are large group interventions in change management?
a. Training managers on how to lead change.
b. Methods to involve the entire system in a planned change process.
c. Using outside consultants to implement change.
d. Communicating the change via e-mail and newsletters.
(4) What is the advantage of thinking in terms of desire rather than
problems when it comes to change?
a. It is easier to identify problems than to imagine a desired future.
b. Thinking from desire gives energy and stimulates creativity, while focusing
on problems can lead to demotivation.
c. It is unrealistic to think of an ideal future.
d. Change must always start with an analysis of the current problems.
(5) What is van Hootegem’s law?
a. That all change leads to improvement.
b. That change will always meet with resistance.
c. That imperfect rules are often replaced by new, equally imperfect rules.
d. That technology is the solution to all problems with change.
(6) What is the relationship between Lean Production (LP) and the
Lowlands Sociotechnical Design Theory (STSL) according to Christis &
Soepenberg (2015)?
a. LP and STSL are contradictory theories with different starting points.
b. STSL is an outdated theory that is not relevant to LP.
c. LP can be seen as a design approach that seeks a theoretical basis, and
STSL can provide that basis.
d. LP and STSL are synonyms for the same concept.
(7) Which of the following principles is NOT a core principle of lean
thinking according to Wood (2014)?
, a. Specifying value from the customer perspective.
b. Identifying the value stream.
c. Creating flow in the value stream.
d. Centralizing decision-making.
(8) What is the definition of job crafting according to Le Blanc et al.
(2017)?
a. The redesign of jobs by managers to increase efficiency.
b. The training of workers to use new technologies.
c. The process by which workers physically and cognitively adjust their tasks
or relational boundaries by optimizing the level of their job demands and
job resources.
d. The replacement of workers by robots.
(9) Which of the following statements about autonomy-supportive
leadership is true according to Sarmah et al. (2022)?
a. Autonomy-supportive leadership is related to a decrease in employees'
perception of job resources.
b. Autonomy-supportive leadership increases employees' work engagement,
but does not affect their well-being.
c. Autonomy-supportive leadership contributes to an increase in employees'
perception of job resources and increases their work engagement.
d. Autonomy-supportive leadership has no significant effect on the
relationship between work design and employees' well-being.
(10) Which 3 important motivation work design models are discussed in
van den Broeck et al. (2015)?
a. The Job Characteristics Model (JCM), Karasek's Job Demand Control Model
(JDCM), and the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R).
b. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor's X and Y Theory, and Herzberg's
Two-Factor Theory.
c. The Vitamin Model, the Social Cognitive Theory Model, and the Self-
Determination Theory Model.
d. The Scientific Management Model, the Human Relations Model, and the
Systems Theory Model.
(11) Which of the following disadvantages of specialization is mentioned
in van Hootegem (2015)?
a. Employees do not have an overview of the entire process.
b. Specialization leads to less expertise among employees.
c. Specialization makes it more difficult to use machines.
d. Specialization makes it impossible to describe tasks in detail.
(12) What is an important characteristic of total workplace innovation
(TWIN) according to van Hootegem (2015)?
a. A strong hierarchical structure.
b. Focus on customer-oriented and flexible structures.
c. Centralization of decision-making.
d. Resistance to change.
(13) According to Parker et al., what is the reason that traditional work
design theories fall short in the modern context?
, a. They are too complex and difficult to implement.
b. They were developed in a time with different types of work and do not take
into account the complexity of modern organizations.
c. They are based on outdated scientific insights.
d. They place too much emphasis on autonomy and feedback.
(14) According to Parker et al., which of the following factors influences
the relationship between work characteristics and outcomes?
a. Contingencies, such as technological interdependence and uncertainty.
b. Antecedents only, such as management style.
c. Mechanisms only, such as motivation.
d. Outcomes only, such as satisfaction.
(15) What is the purpose of scientific management according to van den
Broeck & Parker?
a. Improving employee job satisfaction.
b. Creating more autonomy and feedback in the work.
c. Promoting teamwork and cooperation.
d. Increasing efficiency through simplification, specialization, and training of
employees.
(16) A large publishing house decides to split and from now on continue
to operate under 3 sub-organizations. One part of the organization
will deal only with childrens books. Another part of the organization
will deal with books for young adults. The last part of the
organization will focus on books for recent retirees. Of which
parameter is this an example?
a) Functional concentration
b) Differentiation of operational transformation
c) Level of specialization of performance activities
d) None of above
(17) Whitin lean management, the concept of just-in-time delivery is
important and widely used in various industrial sectors. Just-in-time
delivery is mainly aimed at:
a) Reducing inventories
b) Creating a clue stream map
c) Improving employee satisfaction
d) Reducing over-processing
(18) Sometimes lean management is criticised for so-called just-in-time
disasters. What could be the reason for such disasters?
a) Too many things are being done last minute
b) Suppliers have been squeezed and their trucks get stuck in traffic, which
leads to too much work in progress.
c) The Heijunka system is not properly planned
d) Buffers have been reduced so far that vulnerabilities in the process are
exposed.
