ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES 40 HOUR TRAINING 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES 40 HOUR TRAINING 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS HyPERKalemia - Answer-NI's for which imbalance: -Diet -IV insulin (regular)/ D50 -IV Lasix -IV Sodium Bicarbonate -IV Calcium gluconate -Kayexalate (PO/Rectal) -Dialysis -Fluids -Prevent Injury (r/t falls) -Education -Cardiac Monitoring HyPOkalemia - Answer-Etiology of which imbalnace: -Shift of K from ECF to ICF -Diet -Abnormal loss via Kidneys or GI tract -Mg++ deficiency -Metabolic Alkalosis -Elevated Aldosterone level -Meds (insulin/lasix) HyPOkalemia - Answer-S/S of which imbalance -Fatigue -Muscle Weakness, Leg Cramp/Pain -GI Hypoactivity (illeus; N/V) -Cardiac -Depressed T Wave -Dysrhythmia -Cardia Arrest -Irregular HR HyPOkalemia - Answer-NI's for which imbalance: -Diet -Meds (IV/PO K) -prevent injury (r/t falls & seizures) -Education -Cardiac Monitoring IV Potassium (K+) - Answer-Concerning what IV electrolyte: -Dilute (irritating to veins) -NEVER admin as IVP or a Bolus -ALWAYS admin on a pump -Max concentration: 40mEq/L -Max admin rate: 10mEq/L per hr -Monitor IV site -Cardiac Monitoring PO Potassiumb(K+) - Answer-Concerning what PO electrolyte: -given w/ meals and full glass of water -No chew/crush Liquid Potassium (K+) - Answer-Concerning what liquid electrolyt: -Dilute w/ 4-8oz water/juice -Drink slowly over 5-10 min Sodium - Answer-which electrolyte draws fluid OUT of cells and ELEVATES BP? Potassium - Answer-which electrolyte pulls fluid INTO cells and LOWERS BP? Sodium - Answer-increase in potassium lowers what? Potassium - Answer-increase in Sodium lowers what? Calcium (Ca++) - Answer-This is an electrolyte different from K+ that aids the conduction of the cardiac rhythm -nerve impulses and muscle contraction -Major structure of teeth/bone -blood clotting -inverse relationship with phosphate HyPERcalcemia - Answer-Etiology: -hyperparathyroidism -prolonged immobilizatoin -malignancy HyPERcalcemia - Answer-S/S of what imbalance -deminished excitability of nerves/muscles -LOC changes -Cardiac Dysrhythmias -Groans/Moans/Bones/Stones HyPERcalcemia - Answer-NI's for what imbalance: -Increase mobility -Diet -Meds (lasix/calcitonin) -IV Fluids (NS) -Adequate hydration (3-4L/day) -Prevent injury r/t falls (i.e. fractures ) -Monitor Cardiac HyPOkalcemia - Answer-Etiology -Vitamin D deficiency -Hypoparathyroidism -Acute Pancreatitis -Renal Failure -Multiple Blood Transfusions HyPOcalcemia - Answer-S/S of what imbalance: -Excessive excitability of Nerves/Muscles -Changes in LOC -Tetany -positive Trousseau's Sign -positive Chvostek's Sign -Laryngeal stridor and dysphagia -Tingling around mouth/extremities -Cardiac Dysrythmias HyPOcalcemia - Answer-NI's for what imbalance: -Diet -Meds (Ca Chloride; Ca Gluconate) -CO2 retention for muscle spasms/pain -Correction of Phosphate levels -Monitor Cardiac Phosphate - Answer-This electrolyte is Essential to function of muscles, RBC's, and Nervous system -mostly found in bones/teeth as Ca Phosphate -responsible for lots of intracellular activities: -ATP production -Metabolism of Carbs/Proteins/Fats -Acid/Base buffering HyPERphosphatemia - Answer-Etiology -Poor Kidney Function -Chemotherapy -Diet