Celbiologie week 1 real exam questions and correct detailed answers a+ graded.

Prokaryotes - correct answer organisms whose cells lack a nucleus mitochondria - correct answer the organelles that generate energy in eukaryotic cells Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy cellular respiration - correct answer Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen Chloroplasts - correct answer organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - correct answer an irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a membrane. It is the site where most cell-membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell, are made. This organelle is enormously enlarged in cells that are specialized for the secretion of proteins. Golgi apparatus - correct answer Stacks of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs which modify and packages molecules made in the ER that are destined to be either secreted from the cell or transported to another cell compartment. Lysosomes - correct answer small, irregularly shaped organelles in which intracellular digestion occurs, releasing nutrients from ingested food particles and breaking down unwanted molecules for either recycling within the cell or excretion from the cell Peroxisomes - correct answer small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that provide a safe environment for a variety of reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is used to inactivate toxic molecules endocytosis - correct answer portions of the plasma membrane tuck inward and pinch off to form vesicles that carry material captured from the external medium into the cell exocytosis - correct answer vesicles from inside the cell fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the external medium cytosol - correct answer the part of the cytoplasm that is not contained within intracellular membranes Cytoskeleton - correct answer A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement Microtubules - correct answer A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. intermediate filaments - correct answer Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments actin filaments - correct answer thin filaments motor proteins - correct answer use the energy stored in molecules of ATP to trundle along these tracks and cables, carrying organelles and proteins throughout the cytoplasm, and racing across the width of the cell in seconds. protozoans - correct answer protists that resemble tiny animals rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) - correct answer A membrane-enclosed cellular organelle with ribosomes attached to its outer surface; a site of synthesis for proteins destined to be inserted into membrane or to be enclosed by membrane. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) - correct answer A membrane-enclosed cellular organelle that is heterogeneous and performs different functions in different locations. lumen - correct answer Space in the ER protein translocators - correct answer Transmembrane, multiprotein complexes which mediate the movement of proteins across membranes.