Cell Biology Test 1 Evan Kaplan Real Exam Questions And Answers Well Detailed 100% Verified.

cell - correct answer small, membrane-enclosed units that consist of an aqueous solution of organic molecules; have the ability to create more of themselves by going and dividing into two cell biology - correct answer study of cell structure, function, and behavior ostrich egg - correct answer what is the largest known cell weighing in at 3 pounds and totaling 6 inches 0.1 mm - correct answer how small are the smallest objects the unaided human eye can see? shape - correct answer what can change depending upon movement, location, and function functions - correct answer the differences in size, shape, and chemical requirements relates to cells having different what? multicellular organisms - correct answer what organisms function to provide various types of molecules, perform mechanical work, and transport material or chemical signals from one part of the body to another? unicellular organisms - correct answer what organisms perform all of the functions of life? nerve cells - correct answer what cells have very long axons that enable the brain to end signals to distant limbs almost instantly central dogma - correct answer DNA is transcribed into (m)RNA and then the (m)RNA is translated into protein protein - correct answer what does a cell make that gives it its unique appearance, behavior, and function as well as providing chemical, mechanical, and transport types of work genome - correct answer all of the DNA that makes up a cell microscopy - correct answer Anton van Leeuwenhoek is considered to be the father of what? What did he invent? microscopy - correct answer Robert Hooke is considered to be the English father of what? Hooke - correct answer who coined the term "cell" for describing biological organisms cell theory - correct answer all living cells are formed by the growth and division of pre-existing cells transparent and colorless - correct answer what are the phenotypic properties of cells? light microscope - correct answer what CANT be used to see small objects? electron microscope - correct answer uses beams of electrons instead of light as the source of illumination transmission electron microscope - correct answer beam of electrons is used to visualize fine detail of the internal components of the cells scanning electron microscope - correct answer electrons are scattered off the surface of the cell to visualize cell surface detail biological material - correct answer what are most electron microscopes used to study? prokaryotic - correct answer organisms that are made up of a single cell; typically include bacteria, algae, and members of the domain archaea; most diverse and numerous organisms on the planet prokaryotic cells - correct answer characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles; contain a single DNA molecule found in a circular form; have a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane eukaryotic - correct answer multi cellular organisms including humans, animals, plants, fungi, and some single celled organisms such as yeast and the protists eukaryotic cells - correct answer characterized by the presence of a distinct, membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles; contain many DNA molecules found in a linear form nucleus - correct answer location of DNA and chromosomes; the information store of the cell nucleoli - correct answer found within the nucleus; location of ribosome synthesis ribosomes - correct answer help assemble polypeptides during protein synthesis mitochondria - correct answer site of ATP synthesis (chemical form of energy used by cells) chloroplasts - correct answer site of photosynthesis in plants and algae endoplasmic reticulum - correct answer makes and modifies newly synthesized polypeptides (rough ER) and synthesizes lipids (smooth ER) for membranes golgi apparatus - correct answer modifies polypeptides and sorts and ships proteins and lipids for either secretion of for use inside the cell vesicles - correct answer functions such as transport, storage, and digestion lysosomes - correct answer break down molecules, foreign material, and old/damaged organelles peroxisomes - correct answer break down toxic substances utilizing H2O2 transport vesicles - correct answer transport materials between organelles cytosol - correct answer the region within the plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle; many chemical reactions occur here cytoplasm - correct answer refers to the whole region inside of the plasma membrane includes both the cytosol and organelles cytoskeleton - correct answer confers shape to cells, aids in the internal organization of the cell, and allows for movement of cells and internal structures model organism - correct answer typically a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism will provide insight into the working of other organelles E. coli - correct answer what is the most commonly used model organism organic chemistry - correct answer study of carbon atoms and carbon containing molecules element - correct answer pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means and is comprised of only one kind of atom atom - correct answer smallest particle of an element that still retains its distinctive properties carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen - correct answer what four elements are most living things composed of?