NUR 242 Med/Surg Exam 2//NEWEST
COMPLETE EXAM 2025 A+ GRADED
VERIFIED WITH QUESTIONS AND ALL
CORRECT ANSWERS
Hyponatremia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level less than 135
- confusion
- personality changes
- generalized skeletal muscle weakness
- rapid weak thread pulse
- orthostatic hypotension
- increased GI motility
Hyponatremia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive diaphoresis
- wound drainage
- low-salt diet
- NPO status
Hyponatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - restore serum sodium levels and
monitor for signs for fluid overload
- severe hyponatremia can be treated with hypertonic saline (3% saline solution) in
small amounts
- prevent falls due to decreased blood pressure
- increase oral sodium intake and restrict oral fluid intake
Hypernatremia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle twitches
- skeletal muscle weakness
- extreme thirst
- decreased urinary output
- presence or absence of edema (depending on fluid volume changes)
- decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes (late)
Hypernatremia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level greater than 145
- corticosteroids
- excessive intake of sodium
- kidney failure
- watery diarrhea
- excessive IV solution containing sodium
Hypernatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - patient education regarding limiting
daily sodium intake (processed foods, bacon, ham, hot dogs, condiments, etc.)
, Hypomagnesemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level less than 1.5
- anorexia
- nausea
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
- tetany
- seizures
Hypomagnesemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - malnutrition
- diarrhea
- Crohn's disease
- ethanol ingestion
- diuretics
Hypomagnesemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - seizure precautions
- instruct patient to increase intake of magnesium-rich foods (avocados, milk, peanut
butter, raisins)
- Administer magnesium sulfate
hypermagnesemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level greater than 2.5
- bradycardia
- respiratory depression
- peripheral vasodilation
- hypotension
- EKG changes
- lethargy
- decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes
Hypermagnesemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - increased magnesium-containing
antacids and laxatives
- increased magnesium replacement
- decreased kidney excretion of magnesium due to kidney disease
Hypermagnesemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - goal is to reduce magnesium
levels and correct the underlying problem that caused the imbalance
Hypocalcemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level below 9
- painful muscle spasms in calf/foot during rest or sleep
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
- parethesias, tingling, numbness
- WEAK THREADY HEART RATE that may be slower or faster than normal
Hypocalcemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - inadequate oral intake of calcium and
Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- malabsorption syndrome (Chrohn's disease)
- lactose intolerance
COMPLETE EXAM 2025 A+ GRADED
VERIFIED WITH QUESTIONS AND ALL
CORRECT ANSWERS
Hyponatremia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level less than 135
- confusion
- personality changes
- generalized skeletal muscle weakness
- rapid weak thread pulse
- orthostatic hypotension
- increased GI motility
Hyponatremia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive diaphoresis
- wound drainage
- low-salt diet
- NPO status
Hyponatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - restore serum sodium levels and
monitor for signs for fluid overload
- severe hyponatremia can be treated with hypertonic saline (3% saline solution) in
small amounts
- prevent falls due to decreased blood pressure
- increase oral sodium intake and restrict oral fluid intake
Hypernatremia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle twitches
- skeletal muscle weakness
- extreme thirst
- decreased urinary output
- presence or absence of edema (depending on fluid volume changes)
- decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes (late)
Hypernatremia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level greater than 145
- corticosteroids
- excessive intake of sodium
- kidney failure
- watery diarrhea
- excessive IV solution containing sodium
Hypernatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - patient education regarding limiting
daily sodium intake (processed foods, bacon, ham, hot dogs, condiments, etc.)
, Hypomagnesemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level less than 1.5
- anorexia
- nausea
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
- tetany
- seizures
Hypomagnesemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - malnutrition
- diarrhea
- Crohn's disease
- ethanol ingestion
- diuretics
Hypomagnesemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - seizure precautions
- instruct patient to increase intake of magnesium-rich foods (avocados, milk, peanut
butter, raisins)
- Administer magnesium sulfate
hypermagnesemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level greater than 2.5
- bradycardia
- respiratory depression
- peripheral vasodilation
- hypotension
- EKG changes
- lethargy
- decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes
Hypermagnesemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - increased magnesium-containing
antacids and laxatives
- increased magnesium replacement
- decreased kidney excretion of magnesium due to kidney disease
Hypermagnesemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - goal is to reduce magnesium
levels and correct the underlying problem that caused the imbalance
Hypocalcemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - serum level below 9
- painful muscle spasms in calf/foot during rest or sleep
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
- parethesias, tingling, numbness
- WEAK THREADY HEART RATE that may be slower or faster than normal
Hypocalcemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER - inadequate oral intake of calcium and
Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- malabsorption syndrome (Chrohn's disease)
- lactose intolerance
