D236-WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTION FOR
STUDY GUIDE WELL DETAILED /2024-2025
1.What is accomplished by diffusion?: Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2.Osmotic Diarrhea: Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine
draw- ing water into the bowel.
3.BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): A marker used to diagnose heart failure.
A higher value indicates this.
4.Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the
lungs. Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive
Heart failure, Cancer, Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to
percussion, and diminished breath sounds on affected side.
5.pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45)
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26)
,CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?: Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs
are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused by
COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6.How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid-base distur- bances?:
By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic
Acidosis) Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates
Metabolic Alkalosis)
7.One symptom of Acidosis?: Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body
trying to get rid of the CO2)
8.What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?-
: Homozygous (HH or hh)
9.What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) compartment?: The fluid
contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water
content.
,10.Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water require- ments?:
State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular
fluid causes body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive
Sweating
Vomiting
11.What are phagocytic cells?: Part of innate immunity (inflammatory
response) Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12.Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl): Complete or partial missing
X-chromosome in females
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short
stature, infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13.What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease?: Genetic defect of Hunt-
ington gene
, Lack of control-involuntary motor
symptoms Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14.Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol syndrome)?:
Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition,
Self-regula- tion, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues,
and small- er head & brain.
15.Grade 1 Sprain: Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or
no joint instability.
16.Osteoarthritis: Morning
stiffness Swelling
Limited ROM
STUDY GUIDE WELL DETAILED /2024-2025
1.What is accomplished by diffusion?: Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2.Osmotic Diarrhea: Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine
draw- ing water into the bowel.
3.BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): A marker used to diagnose heart failure.
A higher value indicates this.
4.Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the
lungs. Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive
Heart failure, Cancer, Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to
percussion, and diminished breath sounds on affected side.
5.pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45)
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26)
,CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?: Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs
are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused by
COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6.How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid-base distur- bances?:
By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic
Acidosis) Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates
Metabolic Alkalosis)
7.One symptom of Acidosis?: Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body
trying to get rid of the CO2)
8.What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?-
: Homozygous (HH or hh)
9.What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) compartment?: The fluid
contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water
content.
,10.Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water require- ments?:
State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular
fluid causes body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive
Sweating
Vomiting
11.What are phagocytic cells?: Part of innate immunity (inflammatory
response) Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12.Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl): Complete or partial missing
X-chromosome in females
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short
stature, infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13.What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease?: Genetic defect of Hunt-
ington gene
, Lack of control-involuntary motor
symptoms Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14.Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol syndrome)?:
Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition,
Self-regula- tion, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues,
and small- er head & brain.
15.Grade 1 Sprain: Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or
no joint instability.
16.Osteoarthritis: Morning
stiffness Swelling
Limited ROM
