Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
, 1. Find a Research Idea:
Select a Topic and Search the Literature
to Find an Unanswered Question
Identify a general topic that you would like
to explore and review the background
literature to find a specific research
idea or question.
10. Refine or Reformulate Your
Research Idea 2. Form a Hypothesis
Use the results to modify, refine, or expand Form a hypothesis, or tentative answer,
your original research idea, or to to your research question.
generate new ideas.
9. Report the Results 3. Determine How You Will Define and
Use the established guidelines for format Measure Your Variables
and style to prepare an accurate and Identify the specific procedures that will be
honest report that also protects the used to define and measure all variables.
anonymity and confidentiality of Plan to evaluate the validity and reliability
the participants. of your measurement procedure.
4. Identify the Participants or Subjects
8. Evaluate the Data
for the Study, Decide How They Will Be
Use the appropriate descriptive and
Selected, and Plan for Their Ethical
inferential statistics to summarize and
Treatment
interpret the results.
Decide how many participants or subjects
you will need, what characteristics they
should have,and how they will be selected.
Also plan for their ethical treatment.
5. Select a Research Strategy
7. Conduct the Study Consider internal and external
Collect the data. validity and decide between an
experimental and a descriptive,
correlational, nonexperimental, or
quasi-experimental strategy.
6. Select a Research
Design
Decide among between-subjects,
within-subject, factorial or
single-case designs.
The Steps in the Research Process
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Edition
6 Research Methods
the Behavioral Sciences
for
© Nathan Jasowiak / Shutterstock
FREDERICK J GRAVETTER
The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Lori-Ann B. Forzano
The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
13316_fm_ptg01_i-xxvi.indd 1 29/08/17 10:27
, This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product
text may not be available in the eBook version.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, 1. Find a Research Idea:
Select a Topic and Search the Literature
to Find an Unanswered Question
Identify a general topic that you would like
to explore and review the background
literature to find a specific research
idea or question.
10. Refine or Reformulate Your
Research Idea 2. Form a Hypothesis
Use the results to modify, refine, or expand Form a hypothesis, or tentative answer,
your original research idea, or to to your research question.
generate new ideas.
9. Report the Results 3. Determine How You Will Define and
Use the established guidelines for format Measure Your Variables
and style to prepare an accurate and Identify the specific procedures that will be
honest report that also protects the used to define and measure all variables.
anonymity and confidentiality of Plan to evaluate the validity and reliability
the participants. of your measurement procedure.
4. Identify the Participants or Subjects
8. Evaluate the Data
for the Study, Decide How They Will Be
Use the appropriate descriptive and
Selected, and Plan for Their Ethical
inferential statistics to summarize and
Treatment
interpret the results.
Decide how many participants or subjects
you will need, what characteristics they
should have,and how they will be selected.
Also plan for their ethical treatment.
5. Select a Research Strategy
7. Conduct the Study Consider internal and external
Collect the data. validity and decide between an
experimental and a descriptive,
correlational, nonexperimental, or
quasi-experimental strategy.
6. Select a Research
Design
Decide among between-subjects,
within-subject, factorial or
single-case designs.
The Steps in the Research Process
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Edition
6 Research Methods
the Behavioral Sciences
for
© Nathan Jasowiak / Shutterstock
FREDERICK J GRAVETTER
The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Lori-Ann B. Forzano
The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
13316_fm_ptg01_i-xxvi.indd 1 29/08/17 10:27
, This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product
text may not be available in the eBook version.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
