1. Indian Economy and Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth,
Development, and Employment
• Planning in India: Historical overview of economic planning in India, transition from planned
to a market-driven economy, and role of the NITI Aayog.
• Mobilization of Resources: Analysis of sources of government revenue (tax and non-tax),
internal and external borrowing, foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment
(FPI), and remittances.
• Growth and Development: Concepts of economic growth and sustainable development,
measures of growth (GDP, GNP), Human Development Index (HDI), Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), and factors affecting growth.
• Employment and Unemployment: Employment trends, types of unemployment,
employment generation schemes (MGNREGA), labor market reforms, and social security
measures.
2. Inclusive Growth and Issues Arising from It
• Inclusive Growth: Definition, importance, and approaches to inclusive growth.
• Government Schemes and Programs: Examination of schemes aimed at poverty alleviation,
financial inclusion (e.g., Jan Dhan Yojana, PM-KISAN), and social sector welfare.
• Challenges: Disparities in income, regional imbalances, and issues with equitable distribution
of resources and wealth.
• Social Infrastructure: Health, education, skill development, and the role of public policies in
promoting inclusivity.
3. Government Budgeting
• Budget Components: Understanding revenue budget, capital budget, and fiscal deficit, and
primary deficit.
• Fiscal Policy and Its Tools: Taxation policy, expenditure policy, subsidies, and fiscal discipline.
• Budget Process: Phases of budgeting (planning, execution, auditing), types of budgets (zero-
based, outcome-based).
• Center-State Financial Relations: Role of Finance Commission, GST, and devolution of funds
to states.
4. Agriculture Sector
• Major Crops and Cropping Patterns: Overview of major crops (rice, wheat, pulses, cash
crops) and their regional patterns; factors influencing crop patterns.
• Irrigation and Irrigation Systems: Types of irrigation (surface, groundwater, drip, and
sprinkler), and challenges in irrigation systems.
• Storage, Transport, and Marketing of Agricultural Produce: Issues in warehousing, cold
storage facilities, agricultural logistics, and role of Agricultural Produce Market Committees
(APMCs).
, • E-technology in Aid of Farmers: Initiatives like e-NAM, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Kisan
Credit Card, and use of apps and portals for crop management.
5. Issues Related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices
• Farm Subsidies: Types of subsidies (fertilizer, irrigation, electricity), pros and cons of
subsidies, and government expenditure on subsidies.
• Minimum Support Price (MSP): Concept, determination, and implications on farmers’
income and market prices.
• Public Distribution System (PDS): Objectives, structure, limitations, and reforms needed to
improve food distribution.
• Buffer Stocks and Food Security: Importance of buffer stocks, food security concerns, and
role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
6. Economics of Animal Rearing
• Animal Husbandry: Economic role of livestock (dairy, poultry, fisheries), and government
schemes to promote animal husbandry.
• Challenges and Opportunities: Issues of feed, breeding, healthcare, and market accessibility.
7. Food Processing and Related Industries in India
• Scope and Significance: Importance of food processing for employment, rural development,
and value addition.
• Location Factors: Key factors influencing the location of food processing industries.
• Upstream and Downstream Requirements: Inputs like raw materials, labor, and downstream
supply chain factors like distribution channels.
• Supply Chain Management: Role of cold chains, warehousing, logistics, and government
initiatives to strengthen the food processing supply chain.
8. Land Reforms in India
• Objectives and Need for Land Reforms: Land ownership issues, equitable land distribution,
and elimination of feudal systems.
• Land Reforms Policies: Overview of land ceiling, land redistribution, tenancy reforms, and
digitization of land records.
• Challenges: Issues like land fragmentation, unclear land titles, and challenges in land
acquisition.
9. Effects of Liberalization on the Economy
• Economic Reforms of 1991: Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) reforms and
their impacts.
• Changes in Industrial Policy: Shifts from license raj to deregulation, industrial corridors, and
Special Economic Zones (SEZs).
Development, and Employment
• Planning in India: Historical overview of economic planning in India, transition from planned
to a market-driven economy, and role of the NITI Aayog.
• Mobilization of Resources: Analysis of sources of government revenue (tax and non-tax),
internal and external borrowing, foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment
(FPI), and remittances.
• Growth and Development: Concepts of economic growth and sustainable development,
measures of growth (GDP, GNP), Human Development Index (HDI), Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), and factors affecting growth.
• Employment and Unemployment: Employment trends, types of unemployment,
employment generation schemes (MGNREGA), labor market reforms, and social security
measures.
2. Inclusive Growth and Issues Arising from It
• Inclusive Growth: Definition, importance, and approaches to inclusive growth.
• Government Schemes and Programs: Examination of schemes aimed at poverty alleviation,
financial inclusion (e.g., Jan Dhan Yojana, PM-KISAN), and social sector welfare.
• Challenges: Disparities in income, regional imbalances, and issues with equitable distribution
of resources and wealth.
• Social Infrastructure: Health, education, skill development, and the role of public policies in
promoting inclusivity.
3. Government Budgeting
• Budget Components: Understanding revenue budget, capital budget, and fiscal deficit, and
primary deficit.
• Fiscal Policy and Its Tools: Taxation policy, expenditure policy, subsidies, and fiscal discipline.
• Budget Process: Phases of budgeting (planning, execution, auditing), types of budgets (zero-
based, outcome-based).
• Center-State Financial Relations: Role of Finance Commission, GST, and devolution of funds
to states.
4. Agriculture Sector
• Major Crops and Cropping Patterns: Overview of major crops (rice, wheat, pulses, cash
crops) and their regional patterns; factors influencing crop patterns.
• Irrigation and Irrigation Systems: Types of irrigation (surface, groundwater, drip, and
sprinkler), and challenges in irrigation systems.
• Storage, Transport, and Marketing of Agricultural Produce: Issues in warehousing, cold
storage facilities, agricultural logistics, and role of Agricultural Produce Market Committees
(APMCs).
, • E-technology in Aid of Farmers: Initiatives like e-NAM, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Kisan
Credit Card, and use of apps and portals for crop management.
5. Issues Related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices
• Farm Subsidies: Types of subsidies (fertilizer, irrigation, electricity), pros and cons of
subsidies, and government expenditure on subsidies.
• Minimum Support Price (MSP): Concept, determination, and implications on farmers’
income and market prices.
• Public Distribution System (PDS): Objectives, structure, limitations, and reforms needed to
improve food distribution.
• Buffer Stocks and Food Security: Importance of buffer stocks, food security concerns, and
role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
6. Economics of Animal Rearing
• Animal Husbandry: Economic role of livestock (dairy, poultry, fisheries), and government
schemes to promote animal husbandry.
• Challenges and Opportunities: Issues of feed, breeding, healthcare, and market accessibility.
7. Food Processing and Related Industries in India
• Scope and Significance: Importance of food processing for employment, rural development,
and value addition.
• Location Factors: Key factors influencing the location of food processing industries.
• Upstream and Downstream Requirements: Inputs like raw materials, labor, and downstream
supply chain factors like distribution channels.
• Supply Chain Management: Role of cold chains, warehousing, logistics, and government
initiatives to strengthen the food processing supply chain.
8. Land Reforms in India
• Objectives and Need for Land Reforms: Land ownership issues, equitable land distribution,
and elimination of feudal systems.
• Land Reforms Policies: Overview of land ceiling, land redistribution, tenancy reforms, and
digitization of land records.
• Challenges: Issues like land fragmentation, unclear land titles, and challenges in land
acquisition.
9. Effects of Liberalization on the Economy
• Economic Reforms of 1991: Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) reforms and
their impacts.
• Changes in Industrial Policy: Shifts from license raj to deregulation, industrial corridors, and
Special Economic Zones (SEZs).
