ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy Certificate
The Normal Cell Cycle - Ans>> -The cell cycle refers to
the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and
mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and
processing complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Ans>> Cell division
produces two identical cells through these two major
phases
During interphase: - Ans>> Cell grows and DNA is
replicated through the following three steps:
,1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - Ans>> -cells
increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to
synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - Ans>> Amount of time from mitosis
to mitosis
,Cell cycle video and image - Ans>>
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/stud
ent_view0/chapter2/
animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under
Control - Ans>> -The cell cycle is carefully controlled
through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes
during cell division can alter the genetic information
passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular
dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control
progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through
two proteins: - Ans>> 1. cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through
each phase of the cell cycle
, Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs -
Ans>> -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - Ans>> -prevent progression of the
cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
DNA Damage Checkpoints - Ans>> -If DNA damage is
present, cells are programmed to stop dividing or
undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some
of the most well-understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
Immunotherapy Certificate
The Normal Cell Cycle - Ans>> -The cell cycle refers to
the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and
mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and
processing complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Ans>> Cell division
produces two identical cells through these two major
phases
During interphase: - Ans>> Cell grows and DNA is
replicated through the following three steps:
,1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - Ans>> -cells
increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to
synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - Ans>> Amount of time from mitosis
to mitosis
,Cell cycle video and image - Ans>>
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/stud
ent_view0/chapter2/
animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under
Control - Ans>> -The cell cycle is carefully controlled
through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes
during cell division can alter the genetic information
passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular
dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control
progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through
two proteins: - Ans>> 1. cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through
each phase of the cell cycle
, Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs -
Ans>> -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - Ans>> -prevent progression of the
cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
DNA Damage Checkpoints - Ans>> -If DNA damage is
present, cells are programmed to stop dividing or
undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some
of the most well-understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
