NUR320 gastrointestinal
disorders fully solved & updated
2025-2026(100% verified for
accuracy)
dehydration types - answer isotonic -> electrolyte and water deficit
occurs in balance of proportions
hypotonic -> electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit
hypertonic -> most dangerous, large water loss with larger intake of
fluids
management of dehydration - answer measure plasma sodium
oral or IV rehydration
symptoms of dehydration in infants - answer sunken fontanelles
dry mucus membranes
lack of tears
decreased or dark urine
water intoxication - answer due to fluid overload
increased output, irritability, headache, seizures
assess edema!! main symptom
infants at increased risk
causes of fluid overload - answer IV fluid overload, rapid dialysis,
tap water enemas, incorrectly mixed formula, excess water, rapid
glucose reduction in ketoacidosis
, diarrhea - answer can be acute, chronic, chronic nonspecific,
intractable
spreads by fecal oral route through contaminated food or water ->
rotavirus, campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, shigella
may be transported by animals, from different country
diarrhea treatment - answer bacterial -> antibiotics
viral -> let it run it's course
assess electrolytes and fluid, rehydrate
prevent perianal skin breakdown with cream
constipation in newborns - answer first meconium occurs within 24-
36 hours
constipation in infants - answer diet related, not with breastfeeding
constipation in childhood - answer environmental or attempting to
hold in bowel movements
promote regular movements with activity, water, fiber
vomiting treatment - answer treat cause
prevent aspiration, rehydrate with fluids
antiemetic with bacterial, if viral let it run it's course
Hirschsprung disease - answer congenital aganglionic megacolon
(no colon ganglion cells) -> congenital anomaly
mechanical obstruction due to inadequate intestine motility, leads
to accumulation of stool and distention, sphincters do not relax
occurs in 1/5000 live births, more males, more down syndromes
disorders fully solved & updated
2025-2026(100% verified for
accuracy)
dehydration types - answer isotonic -> electrolyte and water deficit
occurs in balance of proportions
hypotonic -> electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit
hypertonic -> most dangerous, large water loss with larger intake of
fluids
management of dehydration - answer measure plasma sodium
oral or IV rehydration
symptoms of dehydration in infants - answer sunken fontanelles
dry mucus membranes
lack of tears
decreased or dark urine
water intoxication - answer due to fluid overload
increased output, irritability, headache, seizures
assess edema!! main symptom
infants at increased risk
causes of fluid overload - answer IV fluid overload, rapid dialysis,
tap water enemas, incorrectly mixed formula, excess water, rapid
glucose reduction in ketoacidosis
, diarrhea - answer can be acute, chronic, chronic nonspecific,
intractable
spreads by fecal oral route through contaminated food or water ->
rotavirus, campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, shigella
may be transported by animals, from different country
diarrhea treatment - answer bacterial -> antibiotics
viral -> let it run it's course
assess electrolytes and fluid, rehydrate
prevent perianal skin breakdown with cream
constipation in newborns - answer first meconium occurs within 24-
36 hours
constipation in infants - answer diet related, not with breastfeeding
constipation in childhood - answer environmental or attempting to
hold in bowel movements
promote regular movements with activity, water, fiber
vomiting treatment - answer treat cause
prevent aspiration, rehydrate with fluids
antiemetic with bacterial, if viral let it run it's course
Hirschsprung disease - answer congenital aganglionic megacolon
(no colon ganglion cells) -> congenital anomaly
mechanical obstruction due to inadequate intestine motility, leads
to accumulation of stool and distention, sphincters do not relax
occurs in 1/5000 live births, more males, more down syndromes
