Qualitative Research Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Rated A+ (Already Passed)

Qualitative Research Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Rated A+ (Already Passed) Qualitative research - Answers -Systematic interactive and subjective research method to describe and give meaning to human experiences -Studies things in natural settings to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meaning people bring to them -Explanatory and descriptive in nature Qualitative Process - Answers -Review of the literature -Study design -Sample -Setting, recruitment and data collection -Data analysis -Findings -Conclusions Key Informants - Answers individuals who have special knowledge status or communication skills and who are willing to teach the researchers about the phenomenon -PEOPLE WHO FEEL STRONGLY/EDUCATED ON SUBJECT Data Saturation - Answers The point in a qualitative study when the information being shared with the researcher from participants becomes repetitive. The information has been shared by previous participants and no new information emerges. Data Collection - Answers -Data usually collected in form of words -Interview or observe individual completing a task Data Analysis - Answers Goal is to find commonalities and differences in interviews and group into abstract, broad categories of meaning that capture most of the data Bracketing - Answers personal biases about the phenomenon are identified in order to clarify how personal experiences and beliefs may influence what is heard and reported -it is based on the assumption that people can separate their personal knowledge and experiences and background and interpret true participant results triangulation - Answers expansion of research strategies to enhance diversity, enrich understanding and accomplish specific goals (Data triangulation, Investigator triangulation, Theory triangulation, methodological triangulation, interdisciplinary triangulation) Mixed Methods - Answers -either different research methodologies or mixing of different research methods -wider range of tools and options to study phenomenon Phenomena - Answers a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question. A person's perception, what senses or mind notice. 'To show' Concept - Answers an abstract idea, general notion, plan or intention, an idea or invention to help sell or publicize a commodity. Idea or mental picture of a group or class of objects formed by combining all their aspects. 'something conceived, thought, frame of mind, imagination' Phenomenological Method - Answers -a science whose purpose is to describe particular phenomena or the appearance of things as lived experience -Used in questions of personal meaning -used to understand experiences the way that people actually experience it Descriptive Phenomenology - Answers focus is on rich detail descriptions of the lived world Heideggarian Phenomenology - Answers expands on description to understanding achieved through searching for the relationships and meanings of phenomena Hermeneutic Philosophy - Answers -focuses on interpretation of phenomena -refers to theoretical framework used to understand and interpret human phenomenon -interpretations must be viewed from perspective of the historical or cultural context of the original purpose of the text Phenomenological research concepts - Answers 1) Method is a process of learning and constructing meaning of an experience through dialogue with people who have lived through the experience 2) based on positivism which was seen as inappropriate in the study of humans 3) Researchers concerned with the appearance of things rather than the things themselves 4) Intersubjectivity: a person's belief that other people share a common wold with him or her, phenomena differ yet all share similarities based on similarities in people 5) phenomenological reduction or bracketing: researchers must be aware of and examine their prejudices or values and is controversial in some approaches Phenomenological Data Analysis Steps - Answers 1) Thorough and sensitive reading of entire transcript 2) Identify shifts in participant thought 3) Identify significant phrases in each segment using participants own words 4) Extract each significant phrase and express it to reveal a central meaning, using researcher's words 5) Group together the segments with similar central meaning for each participant 6) Preliminary synthesis: with grouped segments focusing on the phenomena for each participant 7) Final synthesis: central meanings that surface amount all participant descriptions, resulting in an exhaustive list of the lived experience Grounded Theory Method - Answers systematic set of procedures used to explore the social processes that guide human interactions and to inductively develop a theory on the basis of these observations -ranges from post positivist to constructivist -purpose of generating theory about social processes -truth is from relevant groups -research question address basic social processes that shape human behaviour (chooses area of interest, not necessarily including a question) -Data analysis and collection occur simultaneously Premises of Grounded Theory - Answers 1) Humans act towards objects on basis of meaning and meaning is embedded in context and therefore cannot be separated from it 2) Social meaning comes from social interaction 3) People use interpretive processes to handle and change meaning and meaning in dealing with their situations