NRSG 387 Quizzes Final | Verified with 100% Correct Answers

NRSG 387 Quizzes Final | Verified with 100% Correct Answers 9-1. The ability to generalize findings from a research study to other populations, places, and situations is referred to as: A) internal validity. B) reliability. C) external validity. D) population validity. 9-2. The confidence that an experimental treatment or condition made a difference and that rival explanations were ruled out through study design and control is called: A) internal validity. B) reliability. C) external validity. D) population validity. 9-3. Which of the following is likely to permit bias? A) Using more than one observer B) Allowing subjects to volunteer for the study C) Blinding treatment groups to the researcher D) Using a carefully constructed demographic questionnaire 9- 4. Which type of error is frequently referred to as the level of significance? A) Type 1 error (want to make sure that it was the intervention that made the dif - = significant change (0.05) B) Type 2 error C) Measurement error D) Sampling error 9-5. Which type of error is related to the power of the statistical test? A) Type 1 error B) Type 2 error C) Measurement error D) Sampling error 9-6. The magnitude of the impact that the intervention or variable is expected to have on the outcome is referred to as the: A) power. B) experimenter effect. C) effect size. D) treatment effect. 9-7. Which of the following is a threat to external validity? A) Selection effect B) Study design C) Maturation D) Type I Error 9- 8. Cross-checking conclusions using multiple data sources, methods, or researchers to study the phenomenon is known as: A) triangulation. B) bracketing. C) audit trail. D) random selection. 9-9. If a threat to validity cannot be eliminated or controlled, the researcher can _____ the threat. A) disclose B) limit C) account for D) ignore 9- 10. A threat to internal validity in which the subjects' reactions are due to the effect of being observed are referred to as: A) selection effects. B) treatment effects. C) experimental mortality. D) maturation 10- 1. The type of question used in descriptive studies that is designed to describe what is going on or what exists is labeled as: A) descriptive. B) correlational. C) relational. D) predictive. 10- 2. The type of question used in descriptive studies that is designed to investigate an association is labeled as: A) descriptive. B) correlational. C) relational. D) predictive. 10-3. The use of survey designs offers many advantages for the researcher including which of the following? A) The content is flexible and scope is broad. B) This is a cost-effective method for reaching small populations. C) Large sample sizes are not required. D) The content limited to subject recall, self-knowledge, and willingness to respond honestly. 10-4. The design that is used to examine simultaneously groups of subjects in various stages of development with the intent to describe differences among them is called a: A) cross-sectional design. B) longitudinal design. C) case study design. D) correlational design. 10- 5. The type of design used in descriptive studies that describes the strength and nature of relationships between two variables without clarifying the underlying causes of that relationship is labeled as: A) cross-sectional design. B) longitudinal design. C) case study. D) correlation study. 10-6. Although not considered the strongest evidence for change in nursing practice, descriptive research can be used to: A) explore causality. B) support nursing interventions. C) draw conclusions about patient care. D) assess current practice. 10- 7. What strategies can be used by a researcher to collect longitudinal data? A) Retrospective and prospective methods B) Retrospective and cross-sectional methods C) Prospective and cross-sectional methods D) Retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional methods 10- 8. A variable that is not measured in correlation studies but is related to each variable in the relationship and may affect the correlation of the data negatively is called a: A) predictive variable. B) spurious variable. C) suppressor variable. D) correlation variable. 10-9. Which of the following is one of the three requirements for a single-subject study design? A) Continuous assessment of the variable of interest B) Assessment during a baseline period after the intervention C) Measurement of outcomes at predetermined follow-up times D) Periodic assessment of the responses of the individual after the intervention 10-10. Which of the following is a typical question for a cross-sectional type of descriptive research design? A) What is the effect of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of long-term care residents over time? B) What are the differences in job satisfaction among nurses working on different types of units? C) Can feeding performance in neonates be predicted by indicators of feeding readiness? D) What were the responses of an individual with Type II diabetes to one-on-one counseling from a nurse? 11- 1. The symbol used to designate a population mean is: A) N. B) x. C) m [mu]. D) ρ . 11-2. Common descriptive statistics are not classified in which of the following ways? A) Counts of data B) Measures of central tendency C) Graphic presentations D) Sampling distributions and standard error 11-3. A statistical term that means a count of the instances a number occurs in a data set is called: A) interval. B) frequency. C) ratio. D) rate. 11-4. A type of frequency distribution in which variables with different values are plotted as a graph on x-axes and y-axes and the shape can be visualized is referred to as a: A) histogram. B) frequency table. C) scatter plot. D) line graph. 11-5. A type of graphic presentation of distribution that indicates the nature of the relationship between two variables measured from the same subject at the same time is referred to as a: A) histogram. B) frequency table. C) scatter plot. D) line graph 11-6. A measure of central tendency that is the average is called the: A) mean. B) median. C) mode. D) range. 11- 7. A measure of central tendency that is the most frequently occurring value in the data set is called the: A) mean. B) median. C) mode. D) range. 11- 8. A measure of central tendency that is the exact midpoint of the numbers of the data set is called the: A) mean. B) median. C) mode. D) range. 11-9. Bar graphs are easiest to create for what types of descriptive data? A) Nominal and ordinal B) Interval and ratio C) Nominal and interval D) Ordinal and ratio 11-10. A calculated count derived from dividing the frequency of an event in a given time period by all possible occurrences of the event during the same time period is referred to as the: A) interval. B) frequency. C) ratio. D) Rate 12-1. Quantitative research questions often begin with which of the following words? A) What B) Where C) How D) Why 12-2. Which variable is not part of the central study but exerts an effect? A) Dependent variable B) Extraneous variable C) Intervention variable D) Independent variable 12-3. Which type of quantitative design can reveal both whether a treatment has an effect and when it is likely to occur? A) Experimental designs B) Quasi-experimental designs C) Comparison designs D) Time-series designs 12-4. The quantitative design that is considered the Gold Standard is: A) Experimental design B) Quasi-experimental design C) Comparison of intact groups D) Time-series design 12-5. Which of the following is not a strength of experimental designs? A) Considering the strongest evidence for practice B) Allowing a definitive conclusion about cause and effect C) Directing relationships to evidence-based practice D) Being recognized and valued by other disciplines 12-6. Which of the following is the hallmark of the experimental design? A) Use of an independent variable B) Extraneous variables are controlled C) Use of a control group D) Subjects randomly assigned to groups 12-7. Studies of cause and effect similar to experimental designs but using convenience samples or existing groups to test interventions are called: A) randomized controlled design. B) experimental design. C) quantitative design. D) quasi-experimental design. 12- 8. The primary difference between a quasi-experimental design and experimental design is the way: A) results are interpreted. B) the questions are worded. C) variables are assigned. D) interventions are applied. 12-9. Time-series design requires which of the following as the first step? A) The population of interest is identified. B) The variables are defined. C) The baseline condition is measured. D) The study question is applied. 12-10. Quantitative evidence in nursing practice is used in nursing practice for assessment, interventions, and: A) application of outcomes. B) generalization of processes. C) analysis of procedures. D) evaluation of outcomes