Nursing Intro to Pharmacology
Drug/Medication -
Pharmacologic agent capable of interacting, producing and effect. Treatment,
cure, or relief of symptoms.
Prescription drug -
A drug prescribed by an MD, PA, NP or Dentist (Must be licensed.
Over the counter drug (OTC) -
Non prescription medications, used safely without supervision
Controlled substances -
can lead to dependacy or abuse
Pharmacology -
The study or science of drugs
Pharmacokinetics -
The rate of drug distribution among various body compartments after a drug has
entered the body. (what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until is leaves)
AMDE Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacodynamics -
Study of biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of
activities.
Pharmacotherapeutics -
Treatments of pathologic conditions through use of drugs. Nursing functions are
related.
Toxicology -
Study of poisons, including toxic drug effects and treatments.
Pharmacognosy -
Study of drugs obtained from natural sources. Plants, foxglove, animal
Chemical name -
The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a
drug.
Generic name -
Given by the US Adoptive Names council (USAN) before the drug is approved.
Official name -
Starts with a small leterr, the name listed on the official publications.
Trade name (brand name or proprietary name) -
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, Given by manufacturer. Starts with a capital letter. (ex. Motril, Advil)
Drug Standards -
Drugs must be pure and uniform. Federal Food and Cosmetic Act.
Pharmacopeia -
Official Information source
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) -
Guarantees safety
National Formulary (NF) -
Official source of info on medications, lists drugs and their therapuetic values
Sources of drug information -
American Hospital Formulary (AHF)
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
Package insert
Nursing Drug Reference
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -
Responsible for administering Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1906/1912 -
To protect against mislabeled drugs
Harrison Narcotic Act 1914 -
Classified habit forming drugs as narcotics
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938 -
Monitors safety of drugs
Durham-Humphrey Amendment 1952 -
Distinguished between which drugs need a prescription or not and if you need a
new prescription for refills
Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1962 -
Assured safety and effectiveness of medications
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act 1970 -
In response to the use and misuse of drugs, control of habit forming drugs
Schedule I -
NO Medical use in US, high abuse potential (ex. LSD,pot)
Schedule II -
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, Accepted medical use, high abuse potential, need written prescription, no refills,
warning label on II (ex. morphine, cocaine)
Schedule III -
Medically accepted, Less abusive than II, 5 refills in 6 months (opiodes)
Schedule IV -
Medically accepted, Less abusive than III, 5 refills in 6 months
Schedule V -
Less abusive than IV, OTC (over the counter)
Pregnancy Category A -
No risk to fetus in any trimester
Pregnancy Category B -
No adverse effects in animals
Pregnancy Category C -
Must consider risks to fetus, animal studies show adverse effects
Pregnancy Category D -
Definate fetal risks, ? Life threatening use
Pregnancy Category X -
Absolute fetal abnormalities, not to be used
Three phases of Drug Action -
Pharmaceutical
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacodynamic
Pharmaceutical Phase -
Medication enters body in one form and changes into another form that the body
can utilize.
Dissolution -
Ability of drug to move into solution
Pharmacokinetics -
describes what happens to a drug from the time it is put into body until all of it
and its metabolites have left the body. Four processess ADME (Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion)
Absorption -
is the process by which a drug passess into the bloodstream, where the drug
molecules travel to their sites of action. Many factors affect drug absorption
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Drug/Medication -
Pharmacologic agent capable of interacting, producing and effect. Treatment,
cure, or relief of symptoms.
Prescription drug -
A drug prescribed by an MD, PA, NP or Dentist (Must be licensed.
Over the counter drug (OTC) -
Non prescription medications, used safely without supervision
Controlled substances -
can lead to dependacy or abuse
Pharmacology -
The study or science of drugs
Pharmacokinetics -
The rate of drug distribution among various body compartments after a drug has
entered the body. (what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until is leaves)
AMDE Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacodynamics -
Study of biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of
activities.
Pharmacotherapeutics -
Treatments of pathologic conditions through use of drugs. Nursing functions are
related.
Toxicology -
Study of poisons, including toxic drug effects and treatments.
Pharmacognosy -
Study of drugs obtained from natural sources. Plants, foxglove, animal
Chemical name -
The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a
drug.
Generic name -
Given by the US Adoptive Names council (USAN) before the drug is approved.
Official name -
Starts with a small leterr, the name listed on the official publications.
Trade name (brand name or proprietary name) -
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, Given by manufacturer. Starts with a capital letter. (ex. Motril, Advil)
Drug Standards -
Drugs must be pure and uniform. Federal Food and Cosmetic Act.
Pharmacopeia -
Official Information source
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) -
Guarantees safety
National Formulary (NF) -
Official source of info on medications, lists drugs and their therapuetic values
Sources of drug information -
American Hospital Formulary (AHF)
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
Package insert
Nursing Drug Reference
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -
Responsible for administering Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1906/1912 -
To protect against mislabeled drugs
Harrison Narcotic Act 1914 -
Classified habit forming drugs as narcotics
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938 -
Monitors safety of drugs
Durham-Humphrey Amendment 1952 -
Distinguished between which drugs need a prescription or not and if you need a
new prescription for refills
Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1962 -
Assured safety and effectiveness of medications
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act 1970 -
In response to the use and misuse of drugs, control of habit forming drugs
Schedule I -
NO Medical use in US, high abuse potential (ex. LSD,pot)
Schedule II -
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, Accepted medical use, high abuse potential, need written prescription, no refills,
warning label on II (ex. morphine, cocaine)
Schedule III -
Medically accepted, Less abusive than II, 5 refills in 6 months (opiodes)
Schedule IV -
Medically accepted, Less abusive than III, 5 refills in 6 months
Schedule V -
Less abusive than IV, OTC (over the counter)
Pregnancy Category A -
No risk to fetus in any trimester
Pregnancy Category B -
No adverse effects in animals
Pregnancy Category C -
Must consider risks to fetus, animal studies show adverse effects
Pregnancy Category D -
Definate fetal risks, ? Life threatening use
Pregnancy Category X -
Absolute fetal abnormalities, not to be used
Three phases of Drug Action -
Pharmaceutical
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacodynamic
Pharmaceutical Phase -
Medication enters body in one form and changes into another form that the body
can utilize.
Dissolution -
Ability of drug to move into solution
Pharmacokinetics -
describes what happens to a drug from the time it is put into body until all of it
and its metabolites have left the body. Four processess ADME (Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion)
Absorption -
is the process by which a drug passess into the bloodstream, where the drug
molecules travel to their sites of action. Many factors affect drug absorption
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