Fundamental Neuroscience glossary: Partial exam 1
Neurodevelopment
Term Meaning
The base of the forebrain, inhibitory neurons
Ganglionic eminences are born here, migrate through the cortex
along the bowing of the skull
You can finetune the cortex.
Interneurons
More interneurons = les cortex activity
Parvalbumin & Somatostation Inhibit Pyramidal neurons & VIP interneurons
Vasoactive Intestinal peptide (VIP) Inhibit other interneurons
Voor het reguleren van motorische die uitgaat
Basal ganglia van de hersenschors, versterken,
afremmen/onderdrukken of bijsturen.
makes the connection between information of
Amygdala different senses and connects them to
emotions. Regulation of fear
Composed of: brain, spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
Contains: relay neurons/interneurons
Composed of: cranial nerves, spinal nerves,
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) peripheral nerves
Contains: sensory neurons & motor neurons
2 types of cells in de nervous system Neuroglia cells & neurons
Function: to ensure structural support,
- Neuroglia (5 types) nourishment & neuron protection. Major
source of tumours because of their mitosis
• Astrocytes Role in feeding neurons, transmitter synthesis
Myelin, upgrade and speedup transmission
• Oligodendrocytes
between neurons
Play a role in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
• Ependyma homeostasis, brain metabolism, and clearance
of waste from the brain.
• Microglia Regulate brain development
• Schwann Function: to myelinate the axons of the PNS
Fundamental functional units of the nervous
system:
- Neurons Roles: react to chemical and sensory stimuli
Conduct the impulses
Emit specific chemical regulators
• The cell body Composed of the nucleus (DNA&RNA)
• The cell processes Composed of the dendrites & cell axon
, Carry impulses from another neuron to the cell
o Dendrites body. & impulses that travel down from the
axon.
o Axon Can be myelinated or unmyelinated
A fatty layer that insulates the axon, helps to
increase the saltatory conduction of the
Myelin neuron.
Saltatory conduction = the way an electrical
impulse skip from node to node down the axon.
Neurodevelopment
Term Meaning
The base of the forebrain, inhibitory neurons
Ganglionic eminences are born here, migrate through the cortex
along the bowing of the skull
You can finetune the cortex.
Interneurons
More interneurons = les cortex activity
Parvalbumin & Somatostation Inhibit Pyramidal neurons & VIP interneurons
Vasoactive Intestinal peptide (VIP) Inhibit other interneurons
Voor het reguleren van motorische die uitgaat
Basal ganglia van de hersenschors, versterken,
afremmen/onderdrukken of bijsturen.
makes the connection between information of
Amygdala different senses and connects them to
emotions. Regulation of fear
Composed of: brain, spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
Contains: relay neurons/interneurons
Composed of: cranial nerves, spinal nerves,
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) peripheral nerves
Contains: sensory neurons & motor neurons
2 types of cells in de nervous system Neuroglia cells & neurons
Function: to ensure structural support,
- Neuroglia (5 types) nourishment & neuron protection. Major
source of tumours because of their mitosis
• Astrocytes Role in feeding neurons, transmitter synthesis
Myelin, upgrade and speedup transmission
• Oligodendrocytes
between neurons
Play a role in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
• Ependyma homeostasis, brain metabolism, and clearance
of waste from the brain.
• Microglia Regulate brain development
• Schwann Function: to myelinate the axons of the PNS
Fundamental functional units of the nervous
system:
- Neurons Roles: react to chemical and sensory stimuli
Conduct the impulses
Emit specific chemical regulators
• The cell body Composed of the nucleus (DNA&RNA)
• The cell processes Composed of the dendrites & cell axon
, Carry impulses from another neuron to the cell
o Dendrites body. & impulses that travel down from the
axon.
o Axon Can be myelinated or unmyelinated
A fatty layer that insulates the axon, helps to
increase the saltatory conduction of the
Myelin neuron.
Saltatory conduction = the way an electrical
impulse skip from node to node down the axon.
