STUDENTS SUCCESS
Revision Examination Tests
“Come all for this Greatness”
... 100% Correct Ans ...
BIOL 2604 ASSIGNMENT 4 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED 2024-2025-
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 2024/2025
Quiz viroids
Ans: small circular ssRNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth
Quiz capsid
Ans: viroids have no _____________ or other components; this makes them a
naked nucleic acid
Quiz regulatory RNA
Ans: viroid mechanism of action is unknown, but it is thought to function as a
____________________, disrupting normal expression of proteins
Quiz protein-encoding
Ans: viroid RNA contains no _______________ regions
Quiz prion
Ans: protein particles known to cause neurological diseases
Quiz host
Ans: genetic information used by prions is contained in the __________
Quiz PrPc
Ans: normal neuronal protein
Quiz PrPSc
Ans: mis-folded protein (prion) that affects more mis-folding via accumulation and
aggregation causing damage to the host
,Quiz Kuru
Ans: disease caused by a prion spread among tribes of Papua New Guinea via
cannibalistic practices
Quiz scrapie
Ans: prion disease in sheep and goats
Quiz Cruetzfeldt-Jacob disease
Ans: Affects the CNS, causes pre-senile dementia & death;
caused by a prion
Quiz mad cow disease
Ans: A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in cattle that
degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance;
caused by prion
Quiz mutations
Ans: _______________ arise because of changes in the base sequence of the
nucleic acid f an organism's genome
Quiz spontaneous; induced
Ans: mutations can be ______________ or __________________-
Quiz point mutations
Ans: result from a change in a single base pair and can lead to a single amino acid
change in a polypeptide or to no change at all, depending on the particular codon
involved
Quiz missense mutation
Ans: A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a
codon that specifies a different amino acid.
Quiz nonsense mutation
Ans: A point mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop
codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
Quiz silent mutation
Ans: A point mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the
amino acid created;
also called a neutral mutation
, Quiz deletions and insertions
Ans: cause more dramatic changes in the DNA, including frameshift mutations, and
often result in complete loss of gene function
Quiz frame shift mutation
Ans: mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or
deleting a nucleotide
Quiz auxotroph mutation
Ans: inability to grow on medium lacking a specific nutrient caused by the loss of
enzyme in biosynthetic pathway
Quiz drug-resistant mutation
Ans: growth on medium containing a growth-inhibitory concentration of the drug
caused by alteration of permeability to drug/drug target or detoxification of drug
Quiz rough colony mutation
Ans: granular, irregular colonies instead of smooth, glistening colonies caused by
loss or change in lipopolysaccharide outer layer
Quiz temperature-sensitive mutation
Ans: inability to grow at a temperature normally supporting growth but still growing at
a lower temperature caused by alteration of an essential protein so it is more heat-
sensitive
Quiz virus-resistant mutation
Ans: growth in presence of large amounts of virus caused by loss of the virus
receptor
Quiz nucleic acid replication
Ans: mutations can occur spontaneously during _______________
Quiz 10^-7 to 10^-11
Ans: mutation rates of ____________ per base pair are generally seen
Quiz RNA
Ans: although RNA and DNA polymerases make errors at about the same rate,
_______ genomes typically accumulate mutations at much higher frequencies
because they lack repair processes
Revision Examination Tests
“Come all for this Greatness”
... 100% Correct Ans ...
BIOL 2604 ASSIGNMENT 4 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED 2024-2025-
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 2024/2025
Quiz viroids
Ans: small circular ssRNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth
Quiz capsid
Ans: viroids have no _____________ or other components; this makes them a
naked nucleic acid
Quiz regulatory RNA
Ans: viroid mechanism of action is unknown, but it is thought to function as a
____________________, disrupting normal expression of proteins
Quiz protein-encoding
Ans: viroid RNA contains no _______________ regions
Quiz prion
Ans: protein particles known to cause neurological diseases
Quiz host
Ans: genetic information used by prions is contained in the __________
Quiz PrPc
Ans: normal neuronal protein
Quiz PrPSc
Ans: mis-folded protein (prion) that affects more mis-folding via accumulation and
aggregation causing damage to the host
,Quiz Kuru
Ans: disease caused by a prion spread among tribes of Papua New Guinea via
cannibalistic practices
Quiz scrapie
Ans: prion disease in sheep and goats
Quiz Cruetzfeldt-Jacob disease
Ans: Affects the CNS, causes pre-senile dementia & death;
caused by a prion
Quiz mad cow disease
Ans: A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in cattle that
degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance;
caused by prion
Quiz mutations
Ans: _______________ arise because of changes in the base sequence of the
nucleic acid f an organism's genome
Quiz spontaneous; induced
Ans: mutations can be ______________ or __________________-
Quiz point mutations
Ans: result from a change in a single base pair and can lead to a single amino acid
change in a polypeptide or to no change at all, depending on the particular codon
involved
Quiz missense mutation
Ans: A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a
codon that specifies a different amino acid.
Quiz nonsense mutation
Ans: A point mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop
codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
Quiz silent mutation
Ans: A point mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the
amino acid created;
also called a neutral mutation
, Quiz deletions and insertions
Ans: cause more dramatic changes in the DNA, including frameshift mutations, and
often result in complete loss of gene function
Quiz frame shift mutation
Ans: mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or
deleting a nucleotide
Quiz auxotroph mutation
Ans: inability to grow on medium lacking a specific nutrient caused by the loss of
enzyme in biosynthetic pathway
Quiz drug-resistant mutation
Ans: growth on medium containing a growth-inhibitory concentration of the drug
caused by alteration of permeability to drug/drug target or detoxification of drug
Quiz rough colony mutation
Ans: granular, irregular colonies instead of smooth, glistening colonies caused by
loss or change in lipopolysaccharide outer layer
Quiz temperature-sensitive mutation
Ans: inability to grow at a temperature normally supporting growth but still growing at
a lower temperature caused by alteration of an essential protein so it is more heat-
sensitive
Quiz virus-resistant mutation
Ans: growth in presence of large amounts of virus caused by loss of the virus
receptor
Quiz nucleic acid replication
Ans: mutations can occur spontaneously during _______________
Quiz 10^-7 to 10^-11
Ans: mutation rates of ____________ per base pair are generally seen
Quiz RNA
Ans: although RNA and DNA polymerases make errors at about the same rate,
_______ genomes typically accumulate mutations at much higher frequencies
because they lack repair processes
