➔ what ispsychological science
◆ psychology= scientific study of the mind, brain,and behaviour
◆ science= systematic gathering of evidence in orderto inform understanding
➔ principles of psychology
◆ purpose: knowledge
● describe, predict, explain, and change
◆ method: empiricism
● verified through systematically observed and recorded data
◆ results: evidence
● conclusions are derived directly from the data
◆ evaluation: transparent
● shared, peer reviewed, replicated, and revised
➔ W.E.I.R.D (hinders external validity)
◆ western
◆ educated
◆ industrialized
◆ rich
◆ democratic
➔ Indigenous framework for research
◆ reciprocity:ensure mutual benefit of research findings
◆ responsibility:work in partnership w/ communitiesand to build relationships in a way
that’s honest, responsible, and rooted in integrity
◆ relevance:across countries, nations, cultures, people,and languages
◆ respect:for people’s autonomy, rights, dignity, andagency
➔ two modelsof scientific research
◆ producers of research
● plan, conduct, and publish research studies
◆ consumers of research
● read, critically evaluate, and use research findings
➔ three types of research
◆ basic:enhance general knowledge
● knowledge-driven and theory -driven
● attempt tounderstand basic idea of “why”somethingoccurs
◆ applied:understand real-world issues
● exclusivelysolving problems(regardless of the theorybehind it
◆ translational:a type of applied research that mixesbasic and applied
● theory-driven to solve real work problems
● understanding “why” to help solve a problem
➔ the3 types of claimsin media
◆ frequency
● claims about how much or how many
◆ associational
, ● claims about covariance or group differences
◆ causal claims
● claims about cause-and-effect, effectiveness, or impact
◆ psychology= scientific study of the mind, brain,and behaviour
◆ science= systematic gathering of evidence in orderto inform understanding
➔ principles of psychology
◆ purpose: knowledge
● describe, predict, explain, and change
◆ method: empiricism
● verified through systematically observed and recorded data
◆ results: evidence
● conclusions are derived directly from the data
◆ evaluation: transparent
● shared, peer reviewed, replicated, and revised
➔ W.E.I.R.D (hinders external validity)
◆ western
◆ educated
◆ industrialized
◆ rich
◆ democratic
➔ Indigenous framework for research
◆ reciprocity:ensure mutual benefit of research findings
◆ responsibility:work in partnership w/ communitiesand to build relationships in a way
that’s honest, responsible, and rooted in integrity
◆ relevance:across countries, nations, cultures, people,and languages
◆ respect:for people’s autonomy, rights, dignity, andagency
➔ two modelsof scientific research
◆ producers of research
● plan, conduct, and publish research studies
◆ consumers of research
● read, critically evaluate, and use research findings
➔ three types of research
◆ basic:enhance general knowledge
● knowledge-driven and theory -driven
● attempt tounderstand basic idea of “why”somethingoccurs
◆ applied:understand real-world issues
● exclusivelysolving problems(regardless of the theorybehind it
◆ translational:a type of applied research that mixesbasic and applied
● theory-driven to solve real work problems
● understanding “why” to help solve a problem
➔ the3 types of claimsin media
◆ frequency
● claims about how much or how many
◆ associational
, ● claims about covariance or group differences
◆ causal claims
● claims about cause-and-effect, effectiveness, or impact
