MSN 570 Patho Final Exam Questions And Answers

A collection of undifferentiated cells discovered in a biopsy is likely indicative of what condition? - Malignant tumor A patient recently diagnosed with a malignant tumor visits the specialist to discuss the TNM staging. What information will the TNM provide? - The size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and any metastasis that has occurred A test that is positive for alpha-fetoprotein indicates a tumor arising in which organ? - Liver What type of gene is the retinoblastoma (Rb-1) gene? - a tumor supressor gene What are benign protuberant tumors found on the skin, mouth, or larynx generally classified as? - Papillomas are benign protuberant tumors found on skin, mouth or larynx. What is the term given to a malignancy of glandular or ductal tissue? - adenocarcinoma What is the term generally given to malignant tumors composed of embryonic cells? - Blastomas The presence of Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be a risk factor for what condition? - Burkitt's lymphoma Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of: - increased blood viscosity When patients who have lung cancer develop Cushing syndrome it is an example of a(n) _____ syndrome. - paraneoplastic syndrome. Reed Steinberg cells are pathognomonic for which of the following diseases? - Hodgkins lymphoma Which lab test would you choose to measure the extrinsic pathway of coagulation? - Prothrombin time (PT) Which of the following factors catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin? - Factor Xa The most common cause(s) of megaloblastic, microcytic anemia are: - Folate and or vitamin B12 deficiency Chronic myelogenous leukemia usually presents with which of the following? - Philadelphia chromosome in bone marrow Sickle cell anemia is caused by which of the following? - Abnormal hemoglobin S in place of hemoglobin A Which of the following is a benign neoplasm? - Leiomyoma Which of the following is an inherited condition? Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Sickle cell anemia all of the above - all of the above A 35-year-old male is presenting with complaints of fatigue and fever. No sign of infection is present. Diagnostic tests show decreased red and white blood cells, as well as the presence of circulating blasts cells. Which of the following is the most likely type of cancer based on these findings? - Correct Acute lymphocytic leukemia When using the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors staging system to classify the degree of spread to regional lymph nodes, all of the following grades would be appropriate EXCEPT: M1 N1 N0 N2 - M1 What is the most common infection of the respiratory tract? - Upper respiratory infection What is the causative agent of bronchiolitis seen in children? viruses bacteria fungi - viruses Which of the following is a common causative factor for pneumonia in immunocompromised patients? - Pneumocystis jiroveci What type of pneumonia develops from a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? interstitial lobar aspiration - Interstitial pneumonia What is the notable feature of miliary tuberculosis - granuloma formation What would be the pulmonary complication of a congenital alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency? - Emphysema What is the most important cause of emphysema? - cigarette smoking What might nonatopic (or intrinsic) asthma be provoked by? - exercise Which cells compose the infiltrates in the lungs of those affected by sarcoidosis? - T-helper lymphocytes What is coal-workers' lung disease classified as? - Pneumoconiosis The etiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: Hypertension pneumonia toxic fumes cardiogenic shock - Hypertension All of the following statements concerning sleep apnea are true EXCEPT: obesity is a risk factor Tracheotomy is the most common treatment Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most common treatment Sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk for hypertension - Tracheotomy is the most common treatment The classic x-ray finding of a patient with emphysema is which of the following - Flattening of the diaphragm due to hyperinflation Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by which of the following? - the formation of granuloma What is the most common organism causing community-acquired pneumonia? - Streptococcus pneumoniae Which of the following is a risk factor for COPD? asthma TB immobility - asthma Most upper respiratory infections are caused by which of the following - viruses Aspirin can precipitate an asthma attack in sensitive individuals because it: - Causes accumulation of arachidonic acid Approximately 50% of children with viral croup have a(n) - Tapered symmetric subglottic narrowing on x-ray Which of the following underlying lung diseases is the most common cause of a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax? - Emphysema Osgood-Schlatter disease is characterized by - tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon An insufficient dietary intake of vitamin _____ can lead to rickets in children. - D The pathophysiology of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of: - purine Which bone cell secretes citric and lactic acids to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen? - osteoclasts _ fractures usually occur in individuals who engage in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive. - stress