MSN 570 Patho Chapter 7 Innate Immunity: Inflammation Questions and Answers

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications, the process of returning the cells to preinjury function is referred to as: - Resolution Newborns often have deficiencies in collectin-like proteins, making them more susceptible to what type of infection? a. Cardiac c. Respiratory b. Urinary d. Gastrointestinal - Respiratory purpose of the inflammatory process - If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and systemic response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? - By promoting phagocytosis. example: lung produces and secretes a family of glycoproteins which includes collectin and surfactant proteins A through D and mannose-binding lectin. Collectin binding facilitates macrophages to recognize the microorganism, enhancing macrophage attachment, phagocytosis, and killing Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? - Sebaceous glands in the skin that secrete sebum that is made up of antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid that act as a barrier against pathogen invasion. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? - C. difficile. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? - Increased capillary permeability What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process? - Vasodilation of blood vessels Activation of the classical pathway begins with this - the activation of protein C1 and is preceded by the formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex (immune complex) What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site? - The coagulation (clotting) system: This protein system (1) prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues, (2) traps microorganisms for removal by neutrophils and macrophages, (3) forms a clot/stops the bleeding,(4) provides a framework for future repair and healing. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? - C3b - by adhering to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serving as an efficient "opsonin" (molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages). What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? - vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. What are outcomes of the complement cascade? - (1) anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation, (2) leukocyte chemotaxis, (3) opsonization, and (4) cell lysis. The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to: - to tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages. T