THE EXTENT OF OPPOSITION TO TSARIST RULE
SUPPORT CHALLENGE
1. Strikes became more common in 1. In February 1913, there were
major cities from between 1911 elaborate ceremonies in
and 1914 st.petersburg and moscow to
- According to the Ministry of Trade celebrate the 300th anniversary of
and Industry, strikes described as the romanov dynasty
political, rose from 24 in 1911 to - With a nationwide tour to inspire
2401 in 1914. loyalty and reverence
- There was unrest among the - The fact that such ceremonies
peasantry who were unable to keep were possible to be celebrated
up their payment for land they had meant that oppositions towards
bought the tsar may be over exaggerated
- Workers unrest heightened in 1912 2. The october manifesto had not
at the Lena Goldfields in Siberia weakened Nicholas’ authority &
where the miners demanded better the Duma were not a threat to his
pay & conditions but the employers position
called in police to arrest the - Though the first 2 duma clearly
leaders of the strike showed political opposition
- The police killed a considerable towards the regime, the changes to
number of strikers which the electoral rules saw their
highlighted the regime’s support in the Duma decline
willingness to enact brutal policies - The liberals/kadets would not
- Union military alliances continued willing to openly challenge the tsar
when a general strike brought St 3. The revolutionary parties eg. the
Petersburg to a halt in july 1914 social democrats/social
and was probably only prevented revolutionaries were incapable of
from further developing by the imposing a serious threat
outbreak of the WWI - Radical ideas such as marxism and
2. Poor living conditions & the spread anarchism did attract some
of disease support however because many
- Workers faced rising inflation and radical leaders were forced into
static wages, while growing class exile, radical groups lacked enough
, consciousness led to the potential support to offer serious threat to
for workers to challenge the the government.
authority of the tsar 4. The economy was improving and
- In towns, poor living conditions Russia was developing into a
added to the disquiet modern industrial state
- By 1914, only 200 out of 1000 towns - There was rising production of
had piped water & only 38 had a 14% from 1900 to 1914 & a growing
sewage system labour force
- Due to this, in 1910 there was an - This suggested that there little
outbreak of cholera in evidence to conclude that the
St.Petersburg regime would collapse within 3
- Such provided reasons for years
widespread dissatisfaction with the
system
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE FEB REVOLUTION 1917
1. Worsened long term weaknesses of the Russian regime by the strains of
WW1
2. Unrest in Petrograd which led to the government lost of control and the
tsar’s abdication
- These all led to an unstable situation where power was shared between
the provisional govt and the soviet ( a workers’ and soldiers’ council)
- It also led to a second revolution - the october revolution
Worsened long term weaknesses of the Russian Regime due to WW1 - its
effects in 3 areas :
Yellow - analysis
Economic Social Political
,Russian economy was 1. Disruption to food The Duma voted in AUG
unable to cope with the supplies 1914
demands of total war - Made living and - For its own
1. Rising inflation and working conditions suspension for the
prices was apparent very difficult duration of the war
- Cost of war was 3B - In desperate - This was because a
Roubles whereas situations many wave of patriotic
peacetime workers turned to feeling
expenditure was 1.5 B alcohol in particular - And support for the
Roubles vodka tsar led to a belief
- By 1917 , prices rose that the Duma might
400% since the start of 2. At the start of the war hinder war effort
the war Ncky introduced a 1. However, Russia’s
- Average wages merely law prohibiting the poor military
doubled consumption of performance
alcohol. - Led to it demanding
2. Russian govt took out - The revenue from its own recall less
loans from overseas & alcohol taxes brought than a year later.
Internally raised taxes in ⅓ of govt funds - Nicky agreed to this
which the govt could in July 1915.
3. Food shortages not afford to lose.
- Despite the output of - Prohibition also 2. Nicky’s ministers
cereals being higher deprived workers if failed to work with
than it had before the their one source of non govt bodies
war relaxation - Eg. The Union of
- Due to rising - By 1916, it was Zemstvos, the Union
population, food evident that the of Municipal Councils
requisitioning by the measure was not & the Zemgor
army, decline in the working (combines both the
availability of - Workers turned to UZ & MC)
fertilisers and illicit methods to - The Zemgor was a
transport problems make drinks success and suggested
- Food could not be that there are other
distributed alternative ways to
, - The cities eg. govern other than the
Petrograd suffered Tsar
badly
- By 1917, Petrograd 3. The Tsar also refused
was receiving less to listen to the Duma
than ¼ of the amount and its demands
of bread that had - The Duma demanded
been available in 1914 that the tsar’s cabinet
was dismissed
4. Transport problem - And replaced with a
- The military had been ministry of national
given priority in using confidence
the transport system - This was the last
- They took control of chance that Nicky
both the railways and would have of
roads maintaining the
- This made moving support of the
food supplies to moderate parties
civilian areas - This was because
increasingly difficult many of the Duma
- With the growth of members have now
Russia’s railway established the
system, the military progressive bloc (a
attempted to move loose union of
troops and moderate and liberal
armaments which members of the
caused the system to Duma)
broke down - The progressive bloc
Results : tried to persuade the
- The trucks could not tsar to make
be moved concessions
- Food rotted in trucks - But the Tsar was
- In Moscow which unwilling to listen
required 2200 wagons - This turned previous
SUPPORT CHALLENGE
1. Strikes became more common in 1. In February 1913, there were
major cities from between 1911 elaborate ceremonies in
and 1914 st.petersburg and moscow to
- According to the Ministry of Trade celebrate the 300th anniversary of
and Industry, strikes described as the romanov dynasty
political, rose from 24 in 1911 to - With a nationwide tour to inspire
2401 in 1914. loyalty and reverence
- There was unrest among the - The fact that such ceremonies
peasantry who were unable to keep were possible to be celebrated
up their payment for land they had meant that oppositions towards
bought the tsar may be over exaggerated
- Workers unrest heightened in 1912 2. The october manifesto had not
at the Lena Goldfields in Siberia weakened Nicholas’ authority &
where the miners demanded better the Duma were not a threat to his
pay & conditions but the employers position
called in police to arrest the - Though the first 2 duma clearly
leaders of the strike showed political opposition
- The police killed a considerable towards the regime, the changes to
number of strikers which the electoral rules saw their
highlighted the regime’s support in the Duma decline
willingness to enact brutal policies - The liberals/kadets would not
- Union military alliances continued willing to openly challenge the tsar
when a general strike brought St 3. The revolutionary parties eg. the
Petersburg to a halt in july 1914 social democrats/social
and was probably only prevented revolutionaries were incapable of
from further developing by the imposing a serious threat
outbreak of the WWI - Radical ideas such as marxism and
2. Poor living conditions & the spread anarchism did attract some
of disease support however because many
- Workers faced rising inflation and radical leaders were forced into
static wages, while growing class exile, radical groups lacked enough
, consciousness led to the potential support to offer serious threat to
for workers to challenge the the government.
authority of the tsar 4. The economy was improving and
- In towns, poor living conditions Russia was developing into a
added to the disquiet modern industrial state
- By 1914, only 200 out of 1000 towns - There was rising production of
had piped water & only 38 had a 14% from 1900 to 1914 & a growing
sewage system labour force
- Due to this, in 1910 there was an - This suggested that there little
outbreak of cholera in evidence to conclude that the
St.Petersburg regime would collapse within 3
- Such provided reasons for years
widespread dissatisfaction with the
system
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE FEB REVOLUTION 1917
1. Worsened long term weaknesses of the Russian regime by the strains of
WW1
2. Unrest in Petrograd which led to the government lost of control and the
tsar’s abdication
- These all led to an unstable situation where power was shared between
the provisional govt and the soviet ( a workers’ and soldiers’ council)
- It also led to a second revolution - the october revolution
Worsened long term weaknesses of the Russian Regime due to WW1 - its
effects in 3 areas :
Yellow - analysis
Economic Social Political
,Russian economy was 1. Disruption to food The Duma voted in AUG
unable to cope with the supplies 1914
demands of total war - Made living and - For its own
1. Rising inflation and working conditions suspension for the
prices was apparent very difficult duration of the war
- Cost of war was 3B - In desperate - This was because a
Roubles whereas situations many wave of patriotic
peacetime workers turned to feeling
expenditure was 1.5 B alcohol in particular - And support for the
Roubles vodka tsar led to a belief
- By 1917 , prices rose that the Duma might
400% since the start of 2. At the start of the war hinder war effort
the war Ncky introduced a 1. However, Russia’s
- Average wages merely law prohibiting the poor military
doubled consumption of performance
alcohol. - Led to it demanding
2. Russian govt took out - The revenue from its own recall less
loans from overseas & alcohol taxes brought than a year later.
Internally raised taxes in ⅓ of govt funds - Nicky agreed to this
which the govt could in July 1915.
3. Food shortages not afford to lose.
- Despite the output of - Prohibition also 2. Nicky’s ministers
cereals being higher deprived workers if failed to work with
than it had before the their one source of non govt bodies
war relaxation - Eg. The Union of
- Due to rising - By 1916, it was Zemstvos, the Union
population, food evident that the of Municipal Councils
requisitioning by the measure was not & the Zemgor
army, decline in the working (combines both the
availability of - Workers turned to UZ & MC)
fertilisers and illicit methods to - The Zemgor was a
transport problems make drinks success and suggested
- Food could not be that there are other
distributed alternative ways to
, - The cities eg. govern other than the
Petrograd suffered Tsar
badly
- By 1917, Petrograd 3. The Tsar also refused
was receiving less to listen to the Duma
than ¼ of the amount and its demands
of bread that had - The Duma demanded
been available in 1914 that the tsar’s cabinet
was dismissed
4. Transport problem - And replaced with a
- The military had been ministry of national
given priority in using confidence
the transport system - This was the last
- They took control of chance that Nicky
both the railways and would have of
roads maintaining the
- This made moving support of the
food supplies to moderate parties
civilian areas - This was because
increasingly difficult many of the Duma
- With the growth of members have now
Russia’s railway established the
system, the military progressive bloc (a
attempted to move loose union of
troops and moderate and liberal
armaments which members of the
caused the system to Duma)
broke down - The progressive bloc
Results : tried to persuade the
- The trucks could not tsar to make
be moved concessions
- Food rotted in trucks - But the Tsar was
- In Moscow which unwilling to listen
required 2200 wagons - This turned previous
