Biology GCSE Questions With All Correct Answers
What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell? correct answer -Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What are parts of a plant cell? correct answer -Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
What does the nucleus do? correct answer -Contains DNA that controls
what the cell does
What does the cytoplasm do? correct answer -Its a gel-like substance
where most of the chemical reactions happpen
What does the cell membrane do? correct answer -Holds the cell together
and controls what goes in and out
What does the mitochondria do? correct answer -This is where most of the
reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell
needs to work.
What does the rigid cell wall do? correct answer -It is made up of cellulose
and it gives support for the cell
What does the large vacuole do? correct answer -Contains cell sap, a weak
solution of sugar and salts
What do chloroplasts do? correct answer -This is where photosynthesis
occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the features of a bacteria cell? correct answer -Chromosomal
DNA
Plasmids
Flagellum
,Cell wall
What is chromosomal DNA? correct answer -Chromosomal DNA controls
the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids? correct answer -Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA
that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like
drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
What is the flagellum? correct answer -The flagellum is a long, hair-like
structure that rotates to make the bacterium move.
What does the cell wall do? correct answer -Support the cell
What is magnification? correct answer -How much bigger the image is that
the specimen
How do you work out magnification? correct answer -length of image /
length of specimen
What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?
correct answer -Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei,
chloroplasts and mitochondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller
things in more detail like the internal structure of mitochondria and
chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
What is DNA? correct answer -DNA is the complex chemical that carries
genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the
nucleus of most cells.
What is the structure of DNA? (6marker) correct answer --A DNA molecule
has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
-The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases
are adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G.
This is called base pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
, What is a gene? correct answer -A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes
for a specific protein. You have genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes
and every other protein in your body.
Who discovered the structure of DNA? correct answer --Rosalind Franklin
and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by directing
beams of X-rays onto crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-rays
formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the
amount of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to
make a model of the DNA molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
What would be a practical to extract DNA?(6 marker) correct answer --
Mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and
detergent to break open the cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
-Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell
membranes and so release more DNA.
-Add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The
ethanol makes the DNA separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.
How does a cell make proteins? correct answer -By stringing amino acids
together in a particular order. There's only 20 different amino acids that are
used to make up thousands of different proteins. The order of bases in a gene
tells cells in what order to put the amino acids together. Each set of three
bases (triplet) codes for a particular amino acid.
What can DNA determine? correct answer -Which genes are switched on
or off and so which proteins the cell produces e.g keratin. That in turn
determines what type of cell it is e.g. red blood cell, skin cell.
What are proteins made by? correct answer -Proteins are made in the cell
by oraganelles called ribosomes.
Why does the cell need mRNA? correct answer -Because DNA is found in
the nucleus and can't move out of it because its too big. The cell needs to get
the information from the DNA to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm. This is
done by using a molecule called mRNA, which is very similar to DNA, but it's
shorter and only a single strand. Also, instead of thymine, mRNA has the base
What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell? correct answer -Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What are parts of a plant cell? correct answer -Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
What does the nucleus do? correct answer -Contains DNA that controls
what the cell does
What does the cytoplasm do? correct answer -Its a gel-like substance
where most of the chemical reactions happpen
What does the cell membrane do? correct answer -Holds the cell together
and controls what goes in and out
What does the mitochondria do? correct answer -This is where most of the
reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell
needs to work.
What does the rigid cell wall do? correct answer -It is made up of cellulose
and it gives support for the cell
What does the large vacuole do? correct answer -Contains cell sap, a weak
solution of sugar and salts
What do chloroplasts do? correct answer -This is where photosynthesis
occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the features of a bacteria cell? correct answer -Chromosomal
DNA
Plasmids
Flagellum
,Cell wall
What is chromosomal DNA? correct answer -Chromosomal DNA controls
the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids? correct answer -Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA
that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like
drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
What is the flagellum? correct answer -The flagellum is a long, hair-like
structure that rotates to make the bacterium move.
What does the cell wall do? correct answer -Support the cell
What is magnification? correct answer -How much bigger the image is that
the specimen
How do you work out magnification? correct answer -length of image /
length of specimen
What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?
correct answer -Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei,
chloroplasts and mitochondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller
things in more detail like the internal structure of mitochondria and
chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
What is DNA? correct answer -DNA is the complex chemical that carries
genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the
nucleus of most cells.
What is the structure of DNA? (6marker) correct answer --A DNA molecule
has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
-The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases
are adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G.
This is called base pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
, What is a gene? correct answer -A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes
for a specific protein. You have genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes
and every other protein in your body.
Who discovered the structure of DNA? correct answer --Rosalind Franklin
and Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by directing
beams of X-rays onto crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-rays
formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the
amount of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to
make a model of the DNA molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
What would be a practical to extract DNA?(6 marker) correct answer --
Mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and
detergent to break open the cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
-Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell
membranes and so release more DNA.
-Add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The
ethanol makes the DNA separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.
How does a cell make proteins? correct answer -By stringing amino acids
together in a particular order. There's only 20 different amino acids that are
used to make up thousands of different proteins. The order of bases in a gene
tells cells in what order to put the amino acids together. Each set of three
bases (triplet) codes for a particular amino acid.
What can DNA determine? correct answer -Which genes are switched on
or off and so which proteins the cell produces e.g keratin. That in turn
determines what type of cell it is e.g. red blood cell, skin cell.
What are proteins made by? correct answer -Proteins are made in the cell
by oraganelles called ribosomes.
Why does the cell need mRNA? correct answer -Because DNA is found in
the nucleus and can't move out of it because its too big. The cell needs to get
the information from the DNA to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm. This is
done by using a molecule called mRNA, which is very similar to DNA, but it's
shorter and only a single strand. Also, instead of thymine, mRNA has the base
