MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology (MSN) Exam Questions And Answers

When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from whom? A. father B. mother C. both parents D. grandparent - C. both parents A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism? A. high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink. B. high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell. C. low sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain. D. low sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell. - A. high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? A. reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. B. it is needed to produce integrase. C. it transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. D. it converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. - D. it converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells? A. 1 to 2 B. 4 to 5 C. 6 to 8 D. 10 to 12 - C. 6 to 8 What is dysplasia? A. abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type B. true adaptive process at the cellular level. C. modification in the shape of a specific cell type. D. lack of oxygen at the cellular level. - C. modification in the shape of a specific cell type. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? A. platelet adhesion B. initiation of the clotting cascade C. vasodilation D. increased endothelial adhesiveness - C. vasodilation Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? A. to provide specific responses toward antigens B. to lyse cell membranes of microorganisms C. to prevent infection of the injured tissue D. to create immunity against subsequent tissue injury - C. to prevent infection of the injured tissue Which are cancers that cluster strongly in families? (select all that apply.) A. breast B. colon C. ovarian D. lung E. brain - A, B, C (Breast, colon, ovarian) Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? A. cells have broken through the local basement membrane B. cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue C. cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells D. cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia - C. cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed? A. during infancy B. at peak times of physical growth C. after diagnosis of a chronic illness D. after an acute illness - B. at peak times of physical growth Considering the hypothalamus, what is a fever produced by? A. endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus B. exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus C. immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus D. cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus - A. endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as which BMI range? A. 18.5 to 24.9 B. 25 to 29.9 C. 30 to 39.9 D. 40 to 50.9 - B. 25 to 29.9 Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of what? A. epinephrine and aldosterone