MSN 570 Pathophys Heme Exam Questions & Answers

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? a. Hyperplasia b. Metaplasia c. Dysplasia d. Anaplasia - B. Metaplasia The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: a. Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca). b. Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl). c. Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl). d. Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO). - C. Swell because of the influx of NaCl The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal: a. Atrophy b. Hyperplasia c. Anaplasia d. Dysplasia - B. Hyperplasia Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? a. Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease b. Renal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis c. Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease d. Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia - A. Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease Free radicals cause cell damage by: a. Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia b. Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes c. Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis d. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane - D. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? a. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. b. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production